Genotype, Phenotype Amd Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The set of alleles that determines a characteristic. It is the genetic makeup

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2
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics

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3
Q

What is genetics the study of?

A

Inheritance and variation

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4
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for the production of a protein that controls a particular characteristic

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5
Q

What is an allele?

A

Alternative form of a gene

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6
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

2 allele of a gene are the same

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7
Q

What does hemizygous mean?

A

Only one allele of a gene of the X chromosome

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8
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The allele in a heterozygote that determines the phenotype

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9
Q

What is consanguinity?

A

A relationship between individuals that share a common ancestor

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10
Q

What s the genetic implication of consanguinity

A

Offspring are more likely to inherit recessive disorder

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11
Q

What type of inheritance is blood type?

A

Co-dominance

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12
Q

How is your blood group determined?

A

Human isoglutamin gene codes for glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells

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13
Q

What is an autosomal chromosome?

A

One that is not an allosome (sex chromosome)

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14
Q

For an autosomal recessive disease what is the probability that 2 heterozygous parents will have an affected offspring?

A

25%

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15
Q

Can autosomal recessive diseases skip generations?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Why are autosomal dominant diseases rarely found in homozygous state?

A

Having 2 dominant alleles is usually not viable for life.

17
Q

What individuals are affected by X linked recessive diseases?

A

Hemizygous males and homozygous females

18
Q

Why are x linked recessive diseases more likely in females than males

A

Females need both copies to be affected whereas males only need one

19
Q

What type of diseases is Haemophilia A an example of?

A

X linked recessive

20
Q

Are males and females equally affected from X linked recessive diseases

A

No

21
Q

From whom do you inherit your mitochondria from?

A

Your mum

22
Q

What does polygenic mean?

A

when more than one gene is involved in producing a phenotype

23
Q

Give an example of a disease with a polygenic inheritance

A

Albinism

24
Q

What are linked genes?

A

Gene that are found on the same chromosome

25
Q

What is the recombination frequency?

A

The chance of crossing over occurring between linked genes in a chromosome

26
Q

What is the recombination frequency dependant on?

A

The distance between the genes. If gene sare further apart there’s more opportunities for chiasmata to form

27
Q

What 3 things can you calculate/determine from pedigree diagrams

A

Recombination frequency, probability of inheritance and inheritance pattern