Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 - S1 Medical Cell Biology And Genetics > Cell cycle > Flashcards

Cell cycle Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What parts is interphase divided into?

A

G1 (cell contents replicated. Increase in size.)
S- (DNA REPLICATION)
G2 - (more cell growth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the G0 stage?

A

A period where the cell stops replicating as there are no signals sent for division. This can be temporary or permanent and usually occurs during G1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many checkpoint are there during interphase?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What occurs at the checkpoint to allow the cycle to continue?

A

The proteins controlling the checkpoints are phosphorylated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs if checkpoint proteins are not phosphorylated?

A

The cell either repairs the damage or undergoes apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does the 4th checkpoint occur?

A

Before the chromosome spilt (during metaphase) to ensure the chromosomes are correctly aligned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of a chromosome??

A

They consist of a short (p) arm and a long (q) arm and are held together by a centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 chromosome structures due to centromere placement?

A

Metacentric, submetacentric, Acrocentric and telocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs in prophase?

A

Nuclear Membrane disappears, chromosomes form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Spindle fibres bind to centromeres, nuclear Membrane has completely disappeared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Replicated chromosomes align at the metaphase plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Microtubules spindle pulls chromosomes apart to opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happened in telophase?

A

Spindle disappeared, nuclear envelope reforms and a cleavage furrow forms as the cells start to be cleaved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are homologous chromosome?

A

Chromosomes that have the same genes in the same loci, but different forms of the genes (alleles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does meiosis results in?

A

4 non-identical haploid cells

18
Q

What stage is present in mitosis but not meiosis?

A

Prometaphase

19
Q

What occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis?

A

Synopsis occurs where the homologous chromosome pair up and crossing over occurs between non sister chromatids to form recombinant DNA

20
Q

What is the importance of crossing over?

A

It gives genetic variation

21
Q

What are the points at which crossing over occurs called?

A

Chiasmata

22
Q

How is metaphase 1 in meiosis different?

A

The homologous pairs (bivalents) line up on the metaphase plate and there is independent assortment of bivalents

23
Q

How is metaphase II different from metaphase I?

A

There is independent assortment of CHROMATIDS instead of BIVALENTS

24
Q

What is the consequence of meiosis?

A

It allows the chromosome number to remain constant from generation to generation

25
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Cell division(meiosis) to make male gametes

26
Q

What is the time length of spermatogenesis?

A

60 days

27
Q

Outline spermatogenesis

A

The spermatogonium (diploid) divides by mitosis to make primary spermatocytes (diploid). These then undergo meiosis I to produce 2 secondary spermatocyte each which then undergoes meiosis II so that 4 spermatids are produced that develop into sperm cells

28
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Cell division by meiosis to produce female gametes

29
Q

Outline oogenesis

A

The Oogonium divides by mitosis to produce primary oocytes. The primary oocytes undergo meiosis to produce 1 mature ovum and 3 polar bodies.

30
Q

How long does oogensis take?

A

12-50 years

31
Q

When are primary oocytes produced?

A

In the foetus and then the final stage of meiosis occurs after fertilisation

32
Q

What is nondisjunction?

A

Failure to separate chromosomes properly during meiosis

33
Q

What is aneuploidy?

A

Having not normal amounts of chromosomes

34
Q

Is nondisjunction occurs in meiosis I how many of the daughter cells are affected?

A

All 4

35
Q

If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II how many daughter cells are affected?

A

Only 2

36
Q

What is karyotyping?

A

A type of chromosome analysis

37
Q

What is trisomy?

A

A cell which contains 3 of the same chromosomes instead of 2

38
Q

What is monosomy?

A

When a cell contains only 1 chromosome of a pair

39
Q

What is non-mosaic karyotype?

A

When a nondisjunction occurs in the first post-zygotes division and so all cells in the body are affected

40
Q

What is mosaic karyotype?

A

When non-disjunction occurs in later divisions and so not all cells are affected.

41
Q

What are centrosomes?

A

Organelles that organise microtubules in the cell cycle. There are 2 in a cell

42
Q

What happens when you have more than 2 centrosomes?

A

There are multipolar spindles (chromosomes are pulled apart in multiple directions)

Phase 1 - S1 Medical Cell Biology And Genetics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions