Genome Projects Flashcards
Define genome
All the DNA in a cell
TRUE or FALSE:
Some viruses have a RNA genome
TRUE
e.g. HIV
____________ sequencing has allowed entire genomes of millions of organisms to be fully sequenced.
Automated
To sequence a genome means to know the exact sequence of ___________ that make up the entire DNA of an organism.
bases
List source(s) / location(s) of genomes
Linear DNA (arranged as chromosomes) in eukaryotes
Circular DNA in prokaryotes, chloroplasts, mitochondria
Plasmids in bacteria
Viral DNA or RNA (e.g. HIV)
if researchers know which genes are present in a genome, they can determine which ______________ can be produced via gene expression.
proteins
TRUE or FALSE: only 1% of the human genome contains genes that code for proteins
TRUE
Define proteome
The full range of proteins produced by cells
Applications of the proteome
The identification of potential antigens for use in vaccine production
Knowledge of the genome has led to increased study of non-coding DNA and regulatory DNA such as…….
promoters
terminators
enhancers
siRNAs
miRNAs
tRNAs
TRUE or FALSE:
Non-coding DNA is located in intergenic* DNA sequences and makes up most of the DNA.
*Intergenic means in between genes
TRUE
Determining the genome of the viruses could allow scientists to develop a vaccine.
Explain how (2 marks).
- Could identify the proteome;
- Then identify potential antigens
(to use in the vaccine);
Name two techniques the scientists may use when analysing viral DNA to determine whether two viruses are closely related.
DNA/genome sequencing;
The polymerase chain reaction;
Genetic/DNA fingerprinting;
Gel electrophoresis;
