Genome Annotation Flashcards
What is genome annotation?
The process of labelling what is in DNA
What things do we label when doing genome annotation?
Predicted function of both coding and non-coding DNA
Structure of genes
Location of genes
How is the process of genome annotation practical?
only with computational automation
What is an Open Reading Frame (ORF)?
A segment of DNA that contains a possible gene
What do ORF’s begin with?
A Start Codon. These are usually AUG, but can be others.
What do ORF’s end with?
An end codon. These are either TAG, TAA or TGA
What do the start and stop Codons have to be in?
They have to be in frame of each other
What does the term ‘being in frame’ mean?
It means that the codons are all in blocks of three after one another
What is the gene structure in a Prokaryote?
First - Last:
- A promoter
- Transcription start site
- Ribosomal binding site (RBS)
- Start codon
- Stop codon
- rho-independent (or dependent) transcription signal
- This acts as the terminator
What is an operon?
A series of genes that are grouped together
What is the code for a promoter
TATA…
What is an exon?
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
They can be the whole gene or parts of them.
How can exons be joined together?
They can only be joined in the order that they are in the gene. If there are 3 exons,
Exon 1 can bind to 2 or 3,
Exon 2 can bind to 3,
But Exon 3 cannot bind with 2 or 1
What is an intron?
A part of a gene that is not translated to an amino acid
Do introns follow any order in their length or number?
They do not - They can be any length or of any number
