Genitouirnary Medicine

Question 1

Typically presents with itching and thick, white discharge (“cottage cheese” appearance), with no strong odor.

Answer 1

Candidiasis

Question 2

What are microscopic findings for candidiasis

Answer 2

Budding test and hyphae

Question 3

What are the treatment for candidiasis

Answer 3

Anti fungal cream such as clotrimazole or flucanazole

Question 4

What type of STIs have PH high and PH low

Answer 4

PH high : BV and trichomonas
PH low: candidiasis

Question 5

Often asymptomatic but can present with purulent yellow-green discharge and dysuria. Physical exam findings may include cervical discharge or tenderness if PID is present.

Answer 5

Gonorrhoea

Question 6

What investigation tool is used for diagnosis for gonorrhoea

Answer 6

NAAT test

Question 7

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea

Answer 7

Ceftriaxone

Question 8

Characterized by a thin, gray-white discharge with a fishy odor, especially noticeable after intercourse.

Answer 8

Bacteriophage vaginosis with high PH

Question 9

What is the investigation tool for BV

Answer 9

Diagnosis involves Amsel’s criteria, which include a positive “whiff test” (fishy smell when KOH is added), pH >4.5, clue cells, and thin discharge.

Question 10

What so the treatment plan for BV

Answer 10

Metronidazole but warn patients about alcohol use

Question 11

Often asymptomatic; if symptoms do occur, they may include clear or mucopurulent discharge and dysuria

Answer 11

Chlamydia with PH high

Question 12

What is the investigation tool for chlamydia

Answer 12

NAAT

Question 13

What is the treatment for chlamydia

Answer 13

Doxycycline first line then azithromycin

Question 14

What is the treatment for chlamydia

Answer 14

Doxycycline first line then azithromycin

Question 15

What STI causes non-gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 15

Mycoplasma genitalium

Question 16

What is the main feature of MG?

Answer 16

Urethritis

Question 17

What is the choice of investigation for MG?

Answer 17

Not test that looks for DNA or RNA if there’s bacteria

Question 18

What is the management for MG?

Answer 18

Doxycycline for seven days, then Seth Romycin, unless it’s known to be resistant to macroLides

Moxifloxain used as an alternative or in complicated.

Question 19

What is the management for MG?

Answer 19

Doxycycline for seven days, then Seth Romycin, unless it’s known to be resistant to macroLides
Min concern is there is developing problems with antibiotics resistance mainly acithromycin

Question 20

What medication cannot be used in pregnancy associated with STI management

Answer 20

Doxycycline is contraindicated in pregnancy so use azithromycin

Question 21

What are the three types of STI that is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 21

Gonorrhoea, chlamydia mycoplasma genitalium
Less common Gardener vaginalis associated with PV haemophilus influenza associated with the respiratory infections and E. coli associated with UTI remember every time there’s an intrauterine device involved pelvic inflammatory disease is a risk factor

Question 22

Identify which type of STI do you use high vaginal swabs?

Answer 22

BV candid and chlamydia

Question 23

What is the complication for pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 23

Sepsis
infertility
ectopic pregnancy
fits Curtis syndrome this is where there is an inflammation and infection of the liver leading to adhesion between the liver and the peritoneum. The bacteria may spread from pelvis by the peritoneal cavity the basic system and patient with fit cis syndrome resolved in right upper quadrant pain that can be referred to the right shoulder tip if there is diaphragmatic irritation laparoscopy can be used.

Question 24

What is the cause of trichomonas?

Answer 24

It’s a it’s a type of parasite spread through sexual intercourse and lives in the urethra of men and women

Question 25

What kind of infection does trichomonas increase the risk of?

Answer 25

Bacterial vaginosis
Cervical cancer
PID
Pregnancy related complications

Question 26

What is the presentation for trichomonas?

Answer 26

Vaginal discharge is frosty and yellow green and has a fishy smell

Question 27

On examination of the cervix for trichomonas is identified

Answer 27

Strawberry cervix also called carpenters macularis they are tiny haemorrhages across the surface of the cervix giving the appearance of strawberry

Question 28

What is the diagnostic tool used to find trichomonas?

Answer 28

Charcoal swab with microscopy

Question 29

What is the management for trick owners?

Answer 29

Patient should be referred to gum specialist and for contract tracing and treatment is with metronidazole

Question 30

How many types of strains are there for HSV and what are they associated with?

Answer 30

HSV one and HSV two HSV one can be associated with colds or genital herpes after an initial infection they become lightened and associated with sensory nerve ganglia trigeminal nerve ganglion with cold sores and sacral nerve ganglia with genital herpes.

Question 31

Explain how HSV 1 and HSV 2 cause cold sores and genital herpes

Answer 31

HSV 1 cause cold sores. it is initially contracted in childhood before the age of five years and stay dormant in the trigeminal nerve and is reactivated as cold source in the times of stress is spread through direct contact with affected mucus membranes or viral shedding in mucus secretion. It can be spread by an asymptomatic individual genital herpes caused by HSV1 is usually contacted through oral genital sex.
HSV2 is usually cause genital herpes and mostly associated with STI

Question 32

A 25-year-old woman with a history of irregular periods complains of hirsutism. Blood tests show an elevated LH:FSH ratio and raised testosterone level

Answer 32

PCOS