Genito-urinary Flashcards
1
Q
general abdominal pain
A
colic
2
Q
2nd fastest; 3-beat gait (60-70 kph)
A
canter
3
Q
DLPMO
A
dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique
4
Q
PRP
A
platelet-rich plasma
5
Q
DJD
A
degenerative joint dx
6
Q
caretaker of horses
A
sota
7
Q
vulval problem where lips open and suck in air
A
pneumovagina
8
Q
surgical procedure for pneumovagina
A
Caslisck or Vulvoplasty
9
Q
what grade: caslick’s index ≤100
A
Grade 1 (don’t need surgx)
10
Q
what grade: Caslick’s index = 100-150
A
Grade 2 (optional surgx)
11
Q
what grade: caslick’s index ≥150
A
Grade 3 (caslick)
12
Q
hole connecting the rectum to vagina
A
rectovaginal fistula
13
Q
CI of caslick
A
mating and foaling
14
Q
T/F: caslick can be removed when being mated
A
T
15
Q
length of mare’s gestation
A
11-12 months
16
Q
cause/s of retained fetal placenta
A
e.g. too young for breeding
17
Q
tx for retained fetal placenta
A
- removal
- D&C or dilatation and curettage of uterus (crucial) = syn. to “raspa” in humans
18
Q
T/F: retained fetal placenta is an uncommon phenomenon in breeding (horse, large rumi)
A
F - common
19
Q
luteolytic agent for retained fetal placenta
A
- P4 (Lutalyse)
- oxytocin
20
Q
type of placental connection in mare
A
diffuse placenta
21
Q
T/F: equine dystocia is an emergency
A
T
22
Q
Labor stages
A
1st: foal rotates
2nd: foal born
3rd: fetal membrane expulsion
23
Q
ideal conformation of foal during foaling
A
limbs extended forward
24
Q
T/F: rare twinning is poor prognosis
A
T
25
T/F: when dystocia progresses past 30 min, there is an exag increase in foal mortality and stillbirth
F - 40 min
26
T/F: oxy and calcium increase contractions
T
27
- worst form of dystocia
- chrioallantois didn't break properly
red vulva or red band dystocia
28
what to do if there is dystocia w/ no improvement?
CS
29
T/F: mare < foal
F - dam is more prioritized
30
testicular issues
torsion
cryptorchidism
jiggling
31
A testicular issue where the testicles interfere w/ the racing capabilities of stallions
jiggling
32
inflam in the preputial area
balanoposthitis
33
maggot infestation
myiasis
34
most common cause of poor fertility
endometritis
35
causes of endometritis
hormonal, bad nutri, bad conformation
pneumovagina (most)
36
T/F: if there is gas inside the mare's uterus, it is hard to breed
T
37
normal length of fetal placenta expulsion
1 1/2 hr
38
length of retained placenta
3+ hr
39
inflam of scrotum
orchitis
40
SSS
symptomatic
specific
supportive
41
T/F: stallions are more prone to have worse inflammation on their genito-urinary organs than mares
F - mare > stallions
42
good measure of GFR
creatinine
43
T/F: spikes on creatinine is abnormal
T
44
normal creatinine clearance for horses
1.38-1.87 mL/min/kg
45
can gauge kidney condition
BUN
46
T/F: racing horses have a spike on their BUN values
T
47
T/F: urine can be opaque due to CaCO3 crystals suspended in urine
T
48
it is due to warm urine causing slight burn on the perineum leading to skin infxn
scalding
49
what does pawing/colic mean?
gen pain
50
most impt and common sign to be noted on urination
PUPD
51
inc urine prod
polyuria
52
polyuria can be due to
kidney dx, diabetes, pituitary adenoma
53
inc urine freq
pollakiuria
54
pollakiuria can be due to
estrus, cystitis, calculi
55
excessive thirst
polydipsia
56
T/F: Utz is more performed than radiography in genito-urinary system
T
57
T/F: enlargement and pain are observed in CRF while firmness, shrinkage, and surface irregularity are oberved in ARF
F - baliktad
58
T/F: left kidney is more dorsal and superficial (15-17 ICS)
F - left is deep to spleen; right is more dorsal and superficial and near to tuber coxae
59
most common way of collecting urine
free catch
60
useful and convenient way of collecting urine
use of urine bags
61
kidney's sudden inability to fnxn sufficiently
ARF
62
nitrogenous waste build up
azotemia
63
common toxins causing ARF
1. NSAIDs (most)
2. sulfonamides - improper dosage, prolonged use
3. aminoglycosides - risky when used PO
4. oral antifungal
64
(rare) progressive loss of nephrons, causing decreased GFR
CRF
65
T/F: CKD diet is composed of more carbs, fat, protein
F - less protein
66
herbal supplements for kidney dx
berry, garlic, chamomile
67
zoonotic spirochete bacterial infxn
lepto
68
commonly reported strains of lepto in PH
Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hardjo
69
T/F: lepto can cause abortion on mare's early term
F - mid-late
70
sign of lepto that is also called moon blindness
uveitis
71
antibiotics for lepto
peni, cephalo, enro, doxy
72
bladder stone
urolith or cystolith
73
main component of urine
calcium carbonate
74
inorg elements of urine
Mg, Ca-oxalate
75
organic matrix component formed in urine
mucoprotein
76
in charge of protecting urinary tract particularly the lining of urethra and UB
transitional epi
77
damage to renal parenchyma
nidus stone formations
78
T/F: equine urolithiasis is common
F - rare compared to dogs
79
pertains to macroscopic concentrations of urine crystals in any portion of UB
urolithiasis
80
accumulation of thickened, irritative sediment in the bottom portion of the bladder
sabulous urolithiasis
81
T/F: sabulous uroliths accumulate in the dorsal aspect of UB
F - ventral
82
T/F: F are more prone to urolith formation than M
F - baliktad
83
T/F: geldings are more prone to urolith formation
T
84
T/F: racetrack horses are more prone to urolith formation
F - coz they are young; old more prone
85
where does uroliths accumulate?
highest in bladder
86
grass hay or alfalfa for horses with urolithiasis?
grass hay coz less salt
87
surgical procedures for urolithiasis
1. recumbent celiotomy
2. laparocystotomy - preferred in M
3. standing sx (perineal, pararectal)
