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EQUINE MED - MBTC > Genito-urinary > Flashcards

Genito-urinary Flashcards

1
Q

general abdominal pain

A

colic

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2
Q

2nd fastest; 3-beat gait (60-70 kph)

A

canter

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3
Q

DLPMO

A

dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique

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4
Q

PRP

A

platelet-rich plasma

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5
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint dx

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6
Q

caretaker of horses

A

sota

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7
Q

vulval problem where lips open and suck in air

A

pneumovagina

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8
Q

surgical procedure for pneumovagina

A

Caslisck or Vulvoplasty

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9
Q

what grade: caslick’s index ≤100

A

Grade 1 (don’t need surgx)

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10
Q

what grade: Caslick’s index = 100-150

A

Grade 2 (optional surgx)

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11
Q

what grade: caslick’s index ≥150

A

Grade 3 (caslick)

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12
Q

hole connecting the rectum to vagina

A

rectovaginal fistula

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13
Q

CI of caslick

A

mating and foaling

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14
Q

T/F: caslick can be removed when being mated

A

T

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15
Q

length of mare’s gestation

A

11-12 months

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16
Q

cause/s of retained fetal placenta

A

e.g. too young for breeding

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17
Q

tx for retained fetal placenta

A
  1. removal
  2. D&C or dilatation and curettage of uterus (crucial) = syn. to “raspa” in humans
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18
Q

T/F: retained fetal placenta is an uncommon phenomenon in breeding (horse, large rumi)

A

F - common

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19
Q

luteolytic agent for retained fetal placenta

A
  1. P4 (Lutalyse)
  2. oxytocin
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20
Q

type of placental connection in mare

A

diffuse placenta

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21
Q

T/F: equine dystocia is an emergency

A

T

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22
Q

Labor stages

A

1st: foal rotates
2nd: foal born
3rd: fetal membrane expulsion

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23
Q

ideal conformation of foal during foaling

A

limbs extended forward

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24
Q

T/F: rare twinning is poor prognosis

A

T

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25
Q

T/F: when dystocia progresses past 30 min, there is an exag increase in foal mortality and stillbirth

A

F - 40 min

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26
Q

T/F: oxy and calcium increase contractions

A

T

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27
Q
  • worst form of dystocia
  • chrioallantois didn’t break properly
A

red vulva or red band dystocia

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28
Q

what to do if there is dystocia w/ no improvement?

A

CS

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29
Q

T/F: mare < foal

A

F - dam is more prioritized

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30
Q

testicular issues

A

torsion
cryptorchidism
jiggling

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31
Q

A testicular issue where the testicles interfere w/ the racing capabilities of stallions

A

jiggling

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32
Q

inflam in the preputial area

A

balanoposthitis

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33
Q

maggot infestation

A

myiasis

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34
Q

most common cause of poor fertility

A

endometritis

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35
Q

causes of endometritis

A

hormonal, bad nutri, bad conformation
pneumovagina (most)

36
Q

T/F: if there is gas inside the mare’s uterus, it is hard to breed

A

T

37
Q

normal length of fetal placenta expulsion

A

1 1/2 hr

38
Q

length of retained placenta

A

3+ hr

39
Q

inflam of scrotum

A

orchitis

40
Q

SSS

A

symptomatic
specific
supportive

41
Q

T/F: stallions are more prone to have worse inflammation on their genito-urinary organs than mares

A

F - mare > stallions

42
Q

good measure of GFR

A

creatinine

43
Q

T/F: spikes on creatinine is abnormal

A

T

44
Q

normal creatinine clearance for horses

A

1.38-1.87 mL/min/kg

45
Q

can gauge kidney condition

A

BUN

46
Q

T/F: racing horses have a spike on their BUN values

A

T

47
Q

T/F: urine can be opaque due to CaCO3 crystals suspended in urine

A

T

48
Q

it is due to warm urine causing slight burn on the perineum leading to skin infxn

A

scalding

49
Q

what does pawing/colic mean?

A

gen pain

50
Q

most impt and common sign to be noted on urination

A

PUPD

51
Q

inc urine prod

A

polyuria

52
Q

polyuria can be due to

A

kidney dx, diabetes, pituitary adenoma

53
Q

inc urine freq

A

pollakiuria

54
Q

pollakiuria can be due to

A

estrus, cystitis, calculi

55
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

56
Q

T/F: Utz is more performed than radiography in genito-urinary system

A

T

57
Q

T/F: enlargement and pain are observed in CRF while firmness, shrinkage, and surface irregularity are oberved in ARF

A

F - baliktad

58
Q

T/F: left kidney is more dorsal and superficial (15-17 ICS)

A

F - left is deep to spleen; right is more dorsal and superficial and near to tuber coxae

59
Q

most common way of collecting urine

A

free catch

60
Q

useful and convenient way of collecting urine

A

use of urine bags

61
Q

kidney’s sudden inability to fnxn sufficiently

A

ARF

62
Q

nitrogenous waste build up

A

azotemia

63
Q

common toxins causing ARF

A
  1. NSAIDs (most)
  2. sulfonamides - improper dosage, prolonged use
  3. aminoglycosides - risky when used PO
  4. oral antifungal
64
Q

(rare) progressive loss of nephrons, causing decreased GFR

A

CRF

65
Q

T/F: CKD diet is composed of more carbs, fat, protein

A

F - less protein

66
Q

herbal supplements for kidney dx

A

berry, garlic, chamomile

67
Q

zoonotic spirochete bacterial infxn

A

lepto

68
Q

commonly reported strains of lepto in PH

A

Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hardjo

69
Q

T/F: lepto can cause abortion on mare’s early term

A

F - mid-late

70
Q

sign of lepto that is also called moon blindness

A

uveitis

71
Q

antibiotics for lepto

A

peni, cephalo, enro, doxy

72
Q

bladder stone

A

urolith or cystolith

73
Q

main component of urine

A

calcium carbonate

74
Q

inorg elements of urine

A

Mg, Ca-oxalate

75
Q

organic matrix component formed in urine

A

mucoprotein

76
Q

in charge of protecting urinary tract particularly the lining of urethra and UB

A

transitional epi

77
Q

damage to renal parenchyma

A

nidus stone formations

78
Q

T/F: equine urolithiasis is common

A

F - rare compared to dogs

79
Q

pertains to macroscopic concentrations of urine crystals in any portion of UB

A

urolithiasis

80
Q

accumulation of thickened, irritative sediment in the bottom portion of the bladder

A

sabulous urolithiasis

81
Q

T/F: sabulous uroliths accumulate in the dorsal aspect of UB

A

F - ventral

82
Q

T/F: F are more prone to urolith formation than M

A

F - baliktad

83
Q

T/F: geldings are more prone to urolith formation

A

T

84
Q

T/F: racetrack horses are more prone to urolith formation

A

F - coz they are young; old more prone

85
Q

where does uroliths accumulate?

A

highest in bladder

86
Q

grass hay or alfalfa for horses with urolithiasis?

A

grass hay coz less salt

87
Q

surgical procedures for urolithiasis

A
  1. recumbent celiotomy
  2. laparocystotomy - preferred in M
  3. standing sx (perineal, pararectal)

EQUINE MED - MBTC (3 decks)

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