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EQUINE MED - MBTC > Clinical Exam > Flashcards

Clinical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: horses have highly developed soft and hard palate

A

T

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2
Q

BOAS

A

brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

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3
Q

abnormal breathing pattern

A

coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, lost or increased chest resonance, vocal changes

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4
Q

what does nostril flaring mean?

A

increased breathing effort

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5
Q

most common checked LN

A

submandibular LN

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6
Q

how many ribs?

A

18

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7
Q

sound generated in large airways

A

bronchial

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8
Q

sound generated in large airways but heard peripherally

A

vesicular

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9
Q

lung sounds are louder coz they are carried more efficiently

A

consolidated areas

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10
Q

lung sounds are quieter, but heart sounds louder

A

pleural effusion

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11
Q

both lung and heart sounds are quieter

A

pneumothorax

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12
Q

extra-thoracic or large airway obstruction

A

increased inspiratory sounds

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13
Q

lower airway obstruction

A

increased expiratory sounds

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14
Q

1st sign observed when the horses are trained intensively

A

exercise intolerance

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15
Q

predisposed breed

A

Thoroughbred and racing horses

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16
Q

most used diagnostic procedure during clinical exam (respi system)

A

endoscopy

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17
Q

prevent food going into airway

A

epiglottis

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18
Q

arytenoid mm don’t abduct properly; instead of opening, it folds in

A

LLH or left laryngeal hemiplegia or RLN recurrent laryngeal neuropathy or laryngeal paralysis or roaring

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19
Q

laryngeal grade where there is full abduction of arytenoid cartilages during inspiration

A

A

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20
Q

laryngeal grade where there is partial abduction of arytenoid cartilages

A

B

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21
Q

laryngeal grade where abduction held at resting position

A

C

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22
Q

laryngeal grade where there is collapse into contralateral half of rima glottidis during inspiration

A

D

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23
Q

LLH tx

A
  1. laryngoplasty - easiest and most common; tie-back; grade 3 or 4 only
  2. ventriculocordectomy - Hobday; removal of laryngeal ventricle and vocal cord
  3. nerve implantation
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24
Q

loose aryepiglottic folds and mucosa displace dorsally; “wrapping” over the epiglottis

A

EE or epiglottic entrapment - common in Thoroughbreds and racehorses

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25
surgical tx (best) for EE
laryngotomy bistoury transection
26
there is a gurgling noise causing airway obstruction; silent displacers
DDSP or dorsal displacement of soft palate - racehorses are predisposed
27
surgical transection (best) tx for DDSP
staphylectomy
28
surgical repositioning of larynx
laryngeal tie-forward
29
conservative tx for racehorses w/ DDSP and sometimes for EE and LLH
tongue tie
30
test where horses run on treadmill while breathers are attached and measured
pulmonary function test
31
measure how air goes in and out and around lungs, bronchi, trachea
FOM or forced oscillatory mechanics
32
measure amount of air going in and out
open plethysmography
33
getting arterial blood sample (temporal artery)
ancillary diagnostic test
34
T/F: young horses are easier to get sick
T
35
gold standard for checking upper respiratory issues, EE, LLH, DDSP
endoscopy
36
aggressive form of common cold that has high morbidity but low mortality
Strangles
37
pathogen of strangles
Streptococcus equi ss. equi
38
severe case of strangles where the lesions spread across the body
bastard strangles
39
T/F: antibiotics are the 1st choice of tx for strangles
F - supportive therapy
40
viral dx: influenza A & B; high Mb, low MT; prefer __________ cells
equine influenza; lung cells
41
guttural pouch infxn = lower or upper respiratory system
upper (more common)
42
T/F: mycosis is harder to treat than empyema
T
43
anti-mycotics
ketoconazole itraconazole (taxing on liver so not used for long term)
44
slits of GP ostia is made up of
fibrocartilage
45
equine form of asthma affecting lower respi tract
heaves (higher in older horse)
46
T/F: heaves are more prevalent in temperate than in tropics
T
47
SEA/EAS
severe equine asthma or equine asthma syndrome
48
RAO
recurrent airway syndrome
49
old name
broken wind
50
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary dx
51
other name
chronic bronchitis
52
Western name
summer pasture associated obstructive pulmonary disorder
53
inefficient gas exchange can lead to
hypoxemia
54
bronchial patterns:
thin arrows (early) thickening of branches (long term) interstitial (worst)
55
corticosteroids for heaves to control inflam
dexa, prednisolone, beclomethasone propionate, fluticasone propionate
56
bronchodilators to decrease airway obstruction
clenbuterol ipratropium bromide albuterol (salbutamol) - most common
57
blood in the airways during exercise (intense); shortens racing careers
EIPH or exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage - common in racehorses
58
EIPH patho
high pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary vein wall remodeling
59
T/F: upper respiratory tract bleeding is less dangerous than lower respiratory tract bleeding
T - lower respi bleeding is more dangerous
60
grade for flecks or narrow streams
G1
61
grade for long streams <1/3 circulation
G2
62
grade for multiple streams >1/3 circulation; w/out pooling
G3
63
grade for multiple streams >90% tracheal surface; streams coalesce then form one big stream
G4
64
test that checks the efficiency of lung lobes if they are predisposed to EIPH
pulmonary function testing
65
check contents of exudate missed by endoscope
bronchoalveolar lavage
66
tx for EIPH
1. tranex - ongoing 2. furosemide - given pre-race
67
equine antibiotics
erythromycin clindamycin sulphonamides trimethoprim tetracycline chloramphenicol
68
equine bactericidal
1. vancomycin 2. penicillin (procaine or benzyl pneicillin) - most common; strepto, flu, respi dx 3. fluoroquinolones (ceftiofur) - 3rd gen; needs allergy test 4. cephalosporins 5. carbapenems 6. metronidazole - GIT infxn
69
broad spec; don't give IV coz fatal; ARF; anaerobic coverage
doxy
70
avoid giving IM coz it can burn muscles; synergistic w/ aminoglycosides and B-lactams so don't give
enrofloxacin
71
eye drops, mild topical skin infxn; don't give large doses coz nephrotoxic
aminoglycosides

EQUINE MED - MBTC (3 decks)

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