Genital tract infections Flashcards
Which organism is responsible for causing vaginosis and is associated with the presence of clue cells in a Gram smear from a female genital swab? And what is a common treatment
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- But more bacteria involved (GP or GN)
(endogenous infection) - treat w/ MTZ bc most are AnO2
Explain what a clue cell is?
epithelial cells covered with bacteria (gram variable cocci/bacilli)
What two organisms are commonly responsible for vaginitis? (full genus and species)
- Trichomonas vaginalis (parasite)
- Candida albicans (or other Candida sp.)
Which species of Haemophilus is associated with genital infections and what is the name of the disease/infection?
Haemophilus ducreyi
=> Chancroid (external ulcer in genital area)
Which virus is the main cause of genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus II
Which two organisms can be detected by viewing a wet preparation of a genital swab?
- Trichomonas vaginalis (parasite)
- Yeast
What is meant by GNIDC? (define the letters and explain the meaning)
Gram Negative Intracellular DiploCocci: Pairs of GNC inside/engulfed by PMN
What presumptive organism identity and disease could you report if you identified GNIDC in a Gram smear from a urogenital site?
Neissseria gonorrhoea
a) What is the name of the causative organism of syphilis?
b) How does a diagnostic laboratory routinely test for syphilis?
a) Treponema pallidum
b) Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test = agglutination assay to detect presence of Ab against syphilis
Why are Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma organisms intrinsically resistant to all Beta lactam antibiotics?
because they don’t have a cell wall (GN) so Beta lactam antibiotics are ineffective
What negative consequences could an undiagnosed infection with M. genitalium lead to?
- pelvic inflammatory disease in upper genital tract (fallopian tube & ovaries)
- post op infections
- Risk endometrial infection
2 types of genital tract infection
- Endogenous infection: caused by NF
- Exogenous infection: STI
2 most common reportable disease
- Gonococcal & chlamydial infections
Difference b/w vaginosis and vaginitis
Vaginosis: no inflammation = no WBC => not itchy
Vaginitis: inflammation w/ WBC => itchy
What are the types of swab for collection?
- Swab w/ transport media: for bacteria requiring MC+S
*Charcoal swab for Neisseria gonorrhoea (charcoal prevents toxins from killing org.) - Dry swab: for chlamydia and gonorrhoea
OR transported w/ Hanks balanced salt solution
