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Anatomy Exam 3 > Genital System Development > Flashcards

Genital System Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between gender genotype and phenotype?

A

geno is the inherited genes that determine gonad

pheno is hormones released during development

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2
Q

What is the indifferent stage?

A

transitional stage of development where gonads, genital ducts and external features are the same in both sexes

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3
Q

What germ layer makes up the gonadal ridge?

A

intermediate mesoderm and coelomic mesothelium

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4
Q

Where is the gonadal ridge located?

A

medial to the nephrogenic cord

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5
Q

What cell types make up the gonad?

A

germ cells and supporting cells

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6
Q

What do supporting cells arise from?

A

invading mesothelium and disintegrating mesonephric tubules

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7
Q

What do germ cells arise from?

A

yolk sac endoderm

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8
Q

How do germ cells reach the gonadal ridge?

A

they migrate along the gut wall and mesentery

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9
Q

What do supporting cells form within the gonad?

A

cellular cords (gonadal cords) that radiate into gonadal ridge

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10
Q

Where must germ cells migrate and what happens if they don’t?

A

inside gonadal cords surrounded by supporting cells, they will be degenerated if they don’t

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11
Q

What do gonadal cords become in the testis?

A

seminiferous cords

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12
Q

What happens to germ cells within seminiferous cords?

A

they become dormant spermatagonia

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13
Q

What happens to seminiferous cords and spermatagonia at puberty?

A

The cords are canalized and become seminiferous tubules and the spermatogonia begin spermatogenesis

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14
Q

What are sustentacular cells?

A

secrete inhibitory factors in wall of seminiferous tubules

suppress spermatogenesis and female duct development (paramesonephric duct)

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15
Q

What are interstitial cells?

A

outside seminiferous tubules

some produce androgen right away and some wait until sexual maturity

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16
Q

What does androgen do?

A

stimulate male genital development

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17
Q

What happens to gonadal cords in the ovary?

A

they become primordial follicles that surround individual germ cells

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18
Q

What happens to germ cells within primordial follicles?

A

they become oogonia and differentiate into primary oocytes that start meiosis but get stuck in prophase of meiosis 1 (lifetime allotment)

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19
Q

At the indifferent stage both sexes have what?

A

male mesonephric and female paramesonephric genital ducts and a urogenital sinus

20
Q

describe paramesonephric duct development

A

develops on ventrolateral coelomic surface of mesonephros, begins as a groove that eventually elongates and canalizes

21
Q

What determines which duct system will develop from the indifferent stage?

A

testicular hormones

interstitial cells produce testosterone for male and suppress female with sustentacular inhibition

22
Q

What happens to duct development if there’s no testosterone?

A

the mesonephric duct (future epididymis) fails to form

23
Q

What does the paramesnephric duct become in females?

A

cranial becomes uterine tube

caudal becomes uterine horn

24
Q

What do the fused ends of the paramesonephric ducts become?

A

uterine body, cervix, cranial vagina (in contact with urogenital sinus)

25
Q

What is the vaginal plate?

A

a solid outgrowth of the urogenital sinus that later develops a lumen to become the caudal vagina it is the point of attachment of the paramesonephric ducts

26
Q

What are efferent dutules in the testis?

A

mesonephric tubules that persist and communicate between the epididymis and the testes

27
Q

How do the prostate and bulbourethral glands form?

A

outgrowth of urogenital sinus endoderm

28
Q

What is the gubernaculum and it’s function in the male?

A

a condensation of mesenchyme that becomes a gel mass, passively pulls testis to inguinal canal and intra abdominal pressure can pop the testis into the scrotum

29
Q

When the mesonephros degenerates what does it leave behind?

A

a genital fold that suspeds the gonad and genitla ducts

30
Q

What does the genital fold become in females?

A

the broad ligament (suspensory of ovary, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium)

31
Q

What does the inguinal fold become in females?

A

proper ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus

32
Q

What does the genital fold become in males?

A

mesorchium and mesoductus deferns

33
Q

What does the inguinal fold become in males?

A

gubernaculum, proper ligament of testis and ligament of tail of epididymis

34
Q

What are the 3 perineal swellings of the indifferent stage?

A

urogenital folds, ventral genital tubercle, bilateral genital swellings

35
Q

What does the genital tubercle become in the male?

A

the elongate phallus and the glans at the tip

36
Q

What do the urogenital folds become in the male?

A

they elongate and close to form the penile urethra

37
Q

What does the genital tubercle mesenchyme give rise to in males?

A

erectile tissue, tunica albuginea, smooth muscle, and bone

38
Q

What do the genital swellings become in the male?

A

they merge to form the scrotum with two compartments

39
Q

How is the prepuce formed?

A

a ring of surface ectoderm invades mesenchyme at the free end of the phallus

40
Q

What does the urogenital orifice become in females?

A

the vulval cleft entering the vestibule

41
Q

What does the genital tubercle become in females?

A

the clitoris

42
Q

What do the urogenital folds become in the female?

A

labia of the vulva

43
Q

What happens to the genital swellings in the female?

A

disappear in domestic mammals

44
Q

Describe mammary development

A

mammary ridge, mammary buds, mammary glands

45
Q

What happens to the induced epithelium of a mammary bud?

A

epithelial solid cords invade mesoderm and form epithelial lined lactiferous ducts

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

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