Genital anomalies

Question 1

What is hypospadius?

Answer 1

Termination of urethra VENTRAL and POSTERIOR

Found anywhere on glans to scrotum/perineum

Question 2

Associations with hypospadius?

Answer 2

Other local anomalies
Under developed foreskin
chordee (downward bending of penis)
Metal stenosis

Question 3

What are the types of hypospadius?

Answer 3

Subcoronal: The opening of the urethra is located somewhere near the head of the penis.
Midshaft: The opening of the urethra is located along the shaft of the penis.
Penoscrotal: The opening of the urethra is located where the penis and scrotum meet.

Question 4

Embryology of hypospadius?

Answer 4

The primary urethral groove or urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development.

In the male fetus, androgenic stimulation induces the urethral groove to fuse in a proximal to distal fashion forming the tubular urethra. It becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week.

Failure to close- can lead to hypospadius.

Question 5

epispadius embryology?

Answer 5

Epispadius
urethra opens on dorsal surface of penis
urine goes ↑
defect in the genital tubercle

Question 6

What is peyronie’s?

Answer 6

Fibrous infiltration of the penile intercavernous septum
Causes plaque formation
Curvature and angulation of erect penis

Question 7

Treatment of peyronie’s?

Answer 7

Intralesional collagenase
Verapamil
Interferon
Surgery

Question 8

What is a varicocele?

Answer 8

Dilation and tortuosity of veins of the scrotal panpiniform plexus
Often regress
33% infertile
Usually no treatment needed