Genital and urinary tract infections

Question 1

How is Gonorrhoea diagnosed and treated?

Answer 1

It is a gram negative diplococcus and is diagnosed through PCR of first voided urine sample and culture of cervical/urethral swab
treatment is high dose penicillin, ceftriaxone or Ciprofloxacin

Question 2

What sort of pathogen is chlamydia?

Answer 2

It is a very small bacterium that is unable to produce its own atp so it is an obligate intracellular parasite.

Question 3

How is chlamydia diagnosed and treated?

Answer 3

Diagnosed with PCR of first voided urine and then treated with oral tetracyclines e.g. doxycycline

Question 4

How is vaginal candidiasis treated?

Answer 4

With imidazoles such as fluconazole

Question 5

How do primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis present?

Answer 5

Primary is painless ulceration of the genetalia and is very infectious
Seecondary is a macular rash on the hands and back
Tertiary involves the CNS and causes peripheral neuropathies
Treated with high dose penicillins

Question 6

What are the three different divisions of UTI symtoms?

Answer 6

Urethral - burning, dysuria, frequency
Bladder - suprapubic heaviness
Pyelonephritis - loin pain, fever

Question 7

What are the common organisms that cause UTI?

Answer 7

E. Coli

Klebsiella is also common

Question 8

How can e coli stick to the urothelium?

Answer 8

With P pili that stick to antigens on the urothelium surface

Question 9

How are UTIs treated?

Answer 9

with increased fluid intake and a short course of oral trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin
For acute pyelonephritis ciprofloxacin for min of 7 days