Genital

Question 1

a squamous cell, often binucleated, showing a perinuclear halo; characteristic of HPV infection.

Answer 1

koilocytes

Question 2

a benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle; the most frequent neoplasm of the female genital tract; occur in the body of the uterus in 20 - 30% of women over the age of 30. Are variable in size, shape, number and location.

Answer 2

leiomyoma

Question 3

the establishment or beginning of menstrual function.

Answer 3

menarche

Question 4

excessive menstrual bleeding.

Answer 4

menorrhagia

Question 5

the change of one type of adult cell into another.

Answer 5

metaplasia

Question 6

named after Dr. Papanicolaou; the stain he developed allows for the microscopic examination of sloughed/scraped cells obtained from the cervix and vagina to detect cervical pre-cancer. Sexually active women between the ages of 18 to 69 years old should receive regular Pap smears. Its use has drastically reduced the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in North America.

Answer 6

Pap smear

Question 7

An infection of the pelvic organs that follows spread of a variety of microorganisms beyond the body of the uterus; infection of the fallopian tubes is common (salpingitis). It may be sexually transmitted (N. gonorrhea is the principal organism), follow an abortion or pregnancy, or occur after IUD insertion or curettage. Chlamydia in sections are frequent and often clinically silent.

Answer 7

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID

Question 8

protein produced by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland; elevated blood levels occur in association with prostate cancer, but are not specific for cancer (i.e. other benign conditions can elevate PSA). Blood PSA tests are most useful for screening for recurrence of cancer.

Answer 8

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Question 9

The most common form of malignancy in men; incidence rises rapidly with age. Outcome is dependent on stage and grade of tumor; localized tumors have an excellent outcome when treated surgically (i.e. radical prostatectomy); prognosis poor if distant metastases. Most early cancers are clinically silent, hence screening for men > 50 yrs recommended (i.e. DRE; serum PSA; transrectal ultrasound).

Answer 9

prostatic adenocarcinoma

Question 10

distention of the fallopian tube with pus.

Answer 10

pyosalpinx

Question 11

a spectrum of intraepithelial changes in the cervix that begins with minimal changes and progresses to more marked cellular abnormalities and on to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Low grade SIL (LSIL ) - enlarged nuclei; high grade SIL (HSIL) - dark, irregular nuclei, loss of cytoplasm.

Answer 11

squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)

Question 12

inflammation of the fallopian tube

Answer 12

salpingitis

Question 13

a neoplasm composed of tissues from all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm); occur most frequently in the ovary where they are usually benign and form dermoid cysts (hair & skin predominate).

Answer 13

teratoma