GENETICS UNIT Flashcards PreviewGENETICS UNIT

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.

Question 3

DNA Molecule:

Answer 3

A
consisting of genes, the
“code of life”

Question 4

Organism

Answer 4

½ genes mom + ½ genes dad

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.

Question 6

Prophase:

Answer 6

A
spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).

Question 7

Metaphase

Answer 7

A
chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

chromosomes move Apart (Away)

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

Two joined cells; two nuclear
membranes form

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Two separated daughter cells form.

Question 11

Cell Division:

Answer 11

growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism

Question 12

Asexual Reproduction (ex: bacteria, hydra, worms):

Answer 12

simple life

Question 13

1 parent / 2 daughter cells

Answer 13

parent/daughter cells identical appearance

Question 14

parent/daughter

Answer 14

cell same number of
chromosomes

Question 15

Sexual Reproduction (ex: animals, angiosperms)

Answer 15

A
Two parents (male, female)

daughter cells are a mixture/combination of
genes compared to parent cell (by crossover)

Question 15

parent to daughter

Answer 15

cell different number
of chromosomes

Question 16

Parent

Answer 16

2x chromosomes compared to
daughter cells

Question 17

Daughter

Answer 17

half (½) chromosomes
compared to parent cell

Question 18

Organism

Answer 18

½ alleles mom; ½ alleles dad “stronger ”

Question 19

Variation

Answer 19

provides choices for SURVIVAL !!

Question 19

Variety

Answer 19

allows the organism to be
better adapted to a changing environment.

Question 20

Mixture of our parents

Answer 20

(our dominant traits are usually
shown; only if both parents have recessive alleles will trait
be shown)

Question 21

Cancer

Answer 21

abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.

Question 22

CAUSE

Answer 22

Mutations are caused by:

1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking,
gasoline, alcohol, fried foods)

2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear
reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon),
Ukraine)

Question 23

TREATMENT

Answer 23

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

Question 24

PREVENTION

Answer 24

avoid smoking, eat healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight. Vitamins may
help.

Question 25

Gene

Answer 25

allele (dad) + allele (mom)

Question 25

Purebred (homozygous)=

Answer 25

same alleles (gene);

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

(part of gene) = T or t

Question 27

Dominant

Answer 27

shows itself (strong); Tt, TT

Question 27

Hybrid

Answer 27

mixture of alleles; Tt

Question 28

Recessive =

Answer 28

often hidden (weak); tt

Question 29

Offspring

Answer 29

children