fc3 Flashcards
What is Animal Evolution?
Animals evolved through a process known as evolution which is the change in a species’ characteristics over several generations. Evolution can be caused by mutation, migration, natural selection, genetic drift, and non-random mating.
What is Animal Behavior?
Animal behavior includes all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment
What is a Skeletal?
relating to or functioning as a skeleton.
What is a Muscular?
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers.
What is skin?
Skin is the largest organ in the body and covers the body’s entire external surface.
What is a Digestive System?
it is where your body breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
When did vertebrates first appear?
about 518 million years ago
What is a smooth muscle?
At a cellular level, smooth muscle can be described as an involuntary, non-striated muscle.
What is a cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle (or myocardium) makes up the thick middle layer of the heart.
What is a skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle is one of the three significant muscle tissues in the human body.
What is the small intestine?
The small intestine (also referred to as the small bowel) is the specialized tubular structure between the stomach and the large intestine (also called the colon or large bowel) that absorbs the nutrition from your food.
What is a large intestine?
The large intestine is responsible for processing indigestible food material (chyme) after most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
What is a gallbladder?
The gallbladder is a small, pouch-like organ in the upper right part of your tummy
What is the bile?
Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
What is a liver?
The liver filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs.
What is absorption?
the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
What is a anus?
The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It’s at the end of the rectum.
what is a Stimulus
a signal that causes an organism
to react in some way.
what is a Response
an organism’s reaction to a
stimulus. (All animal behaviors are caused
by stimuli)
what is Instinct
behavior without being taught (not
learned); a response that is inborn (coded in
the genes) and performed correctly the first
time.
what is Learned Behavior
change in behavior
based on practice or experience.
what is Imprinting
A
newborn recognizes and
follows the first moving object they see (e.g., duckling follows human)
what is Conditioning
a specific stimulus or
response leads to a good or a bad outcome
(e.g., Pavlov’s dog, salivate at the sound of
a bell).
what is Trial-and-Error Learning
repeated
practice that results in a reward and avoids
behaviors that result in a punishment.
what is what is Insight Learning
using what you know
to solve a problem.
what is Communication
animals use sounds,
scents, body movements to communicate.
what is Pheromone
a chemical released by one
animal that affects the behavior of another
animal of the same species (e.g., ant
pheromone trail).
what is Aggression
a threatening behavior that
one animal uses to gain control over another
animal. Aggression is due to competition
over limited resources (food, water, space,
shelter, and mates).
what is Courtship Behavior
behavior to prepare for
mating.
what is Group Behavior
beneficial for safety in
numbers and sharing (cooperation) in work,
food, water, shelter.
what is Circadian Rhythms
behavior cycles that
occur over a day (e.g., awake/work daylight,
sleep night time).
what is Hibernation
sleep/reduced activity during
winter in which the need for food has stopped.
what is Migration
routine, seasonal journey of an
animals from one place to another and back
again.
what is evolution
the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
what are Tissues
: group of same cells that have the same
function (activity; do the same thing)
what are Organs
contains different tissues but performs a specific function (activity); example: heart – pumps blood; stomach – store food; begins breakdown solid food
what are Organ Systems
group of different organs working together to perform a major (complex) function
Homeostasis vs. Dynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium: a state of balance in nonliving, physical systems
