genetics study guide

Question 1

study of heredity

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Answer 2

heredity

Question 3

form of a trait

Answer 3

allele

Question 4

shows up if present/covers ivermectin recessive/capital letter

Answer 4

dominant

Question 5

shows up if 2 allele present/gets covered up/lower/lower case letter

Answer 5

recessive

Question 6

two of the same alleles

Answer 6

homozygous

Question 7

two different alleles

Answer 7

heterozygous

Question 8

physical trait

Answer 8

phenotype

Question 9

genetic make up (h words)

Answer 9

genotype

Question 10

Austrian monk/studied genetics on pea plants/father of genetics

Answer 10

Gregor Mendel

Question 11

scientist who studies heredity

Answer 11

geneticist

Question 12

tool that is used to predict the possible outcome of offspring’s traits

Answer 12

punnet square

Question 13

a tool to trace traits through a family

Answer 13

pedigree

Question 14

picture of chromosomes

Answer 14

karyotype

Question 15

one trait doesn’t completely cover over another (blends)

Answer 15

incomplete dominance

Question 16

permanent makeup in DNA

Answer 16

mutation

Question 17

you have it if you a homozygous recessive/parents are heterozygous carriers

Answer 17

recessive disorder/disease

Question 18

carried on the x or the y/usually boys have it because the have in x

Answer 18

sex linked trait/disease/disorder (baldness)

Question 19

more than 2 alleles for a trait

Answer 19

multiple alleles (blood type)

Question 20

many genes work together to determine a trait

Answer 20

polygenic inheritance (hair color, eye color, skin, height)

Question 21

extra chromosome but never to little

Answer 21

chromosomal disorder (down syndrome trisomy 18/13)

Question 22

male determines gender

Answer 22

gender determination

Question 23

above the genome/gene turn off it on with time due to environment

Answer 23

epigenetics

Question 24

an animal or plants DNA that has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Answer 24

GMOs (genetically modified organisms)

Question 25

organism are bred for favorable traits

Answer 25

selective breeding

Question 26

pros of selective breeding

Answer 26

-a way of breeding animals to fit the desired traits in an organism

Question 27

cons of selective breeding

Answer 27

-traits could be harmful to animals
-may not be beneficial to the animal

Question 28

pros to GMOs

Answer 28

-can make food more nutritious
-tastier food
-longer shelf life

Question 29

cons of GMOs

Answer 29

-can cause cancer
-allergic reactions
-can mess up the ecosystem

Question 30

explain genome and epigenome

Answer 30

-“epi” in “epigenome” means “above” the genome
-you are born with genes, but overtime your gene expression can change due to lifestyle, environment and hormones

Question 31

explain the dolly the sheep story

Answer 31

-first animal to be cloned from adult in 1996 in Scotland
-Because of health issues, she died early
-3 sheep’s were used to make her

Question 32

5 facts about Gregor mendel

Answer 32

-father of genetics
-monk
-austrian
-studied pea plants
-1800’s

Question 33

difference between pedigree and punnette square

Answer 33

-a punnette square is used to determine the possible traits of offspring while a pedigree traces traits through out a family

Question 34

example of polygenic inheritance

Answer 34

eye color

Question 35

example of chromosomal disorder

Answer 35

down syndrome

Question 36

example of multiple alleles

Answer 36

blood type

Question 37

example of sex-linked

Answer 37

baldness

Question 38

example of recessive

Answer 38

albinism

Question 39

how could a biological child look nothing like their parent

Answer 39

-if both parent are heterozygous
-genes can turn off and on over time