Genetics related to NM disorders

Question 1

heritability

Answer 1

Heritability of a disease is defined as the proportion of variation in the
phenotype attributable to variation in genetic factors among individuals

-genetics have a role in severity and progression of some diseases

-a role in variation in response to exercise

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

The study of heredity of traits of an organism and their variations within a population

Question 3

Genomics

Answer 3

the study of genomes or the complete set of genetic material of an organism

focus on entire genome of organism

bioinformatics and molecular biology

interactions between genes (not just single genes)

heterosis, epistaxis, pleiotropy, and the study of interactions between loci and alleles are the subfields

Question 4

Genome definition:

Answer 4

• All of the DNA of the 23 chromosomes in the nucleus
• DNA on the circular chromosomes of the mitochondria
• 3.1 billion bases make up the human genome

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

A genotype refers to the 2 alleles an individual carries at a
specific location in a gene

Question 6

Epigenetics

Answer 6

the study of inheritable changes in the organisms caused by the modification of gene expression; explain changes in gene expression

-covers gene regulation, interactions of the gene and the environment, and the interactions of the protein and the environment

HOW DOES GENE EXPRESSION CHANGE?
Epigenetic signals can prompt changes in the number of methyl chemical
groups attached to a gene, turning it on (upregulating) or off
(downregulating)

Question 7

Contributors to gene expression

Answer 7

nutrition
mood
exercise
prolonged stress
resiliency
coping
socioeconomic status
health disparities and inequities
social support

race
ethnicity - culture, language, practices, beliefs
LGBTQQ
generational differences