Genetics Quiz 2

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

are characteristics that are inherited from parents to offspring through reproduction

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Alternative form or version of the gene
(example blue vs green eyes)

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

developed the fundamental principles of genetics & heredity

Question 4

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 4

a cross between two individuals in which only one (1) trait is involved

Question 5

parent/ P generation

Answer 5

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment. The first generation that is produced by the p generation is called the F1 generation.

Question 6

dominant traits

Answer 6

are always expressed or appear in an individual if present

Question 7

recessive traits

Answer 7

not usually expressed, they are either present but inactive or only active if they are the ONLY trait present

Question 8

principle of dominance

Answer 8

when dominant and recessive traits are crossed only the dominant trait will be expressed

Question 9

how are dominant traits represented

Answer 9

capital letters

Question 10

how are recessive traits expressed

Answer 10

lowercase letters

Question 11

law of segregation

Answer 11

inherited traits are determined by pairs of “factors”(genes), which separate in the gametes, each offspring receives only one (1) from each parent.

Question 12

F2 second generation (ratios)

Answer 12

75% of the time dominant trait is expressed
25%of the time the recessive trait is expressed
3:1 ratio produced

Question 13

purebred dominant

Answer 13

Homozygous dominant

Question 14

purebred recessive

Answer 14

Homozygous recessive

Question 15

mix of recessive and dominant genes

Answer 15

Heterozygous

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

the genetic makeup of an organism
(hetero/homozygous)

Question 17

phenotype

Answer 17

the physical appearance of an organism
(blonde vs brown) (blue vs green) (tall vs short)

Question 18

genotype ratio

Answer 18

1:2:1
25% homozygous dominant
50% heterozygous
25% homozygous recessive

Question 19

phenotype ratio

Answer 19

3:1
75% dominant
25% recessive
(used when describing specific trait)(blue vs green eyes)

Question 20

Test cross

Answer 20

if you only know one phenotype
always done using the unknown individual (genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual

Question 21

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 21

a cross between two individuals focusing on two specific traits. (tracking 2 traits at the same time)

Question 22

Dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 22

9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 23

Dihybrid Cross (therefore)

Answer 23

for ANY dihybrid cross between 2 individuals that are HETEROZYGOUS for 2 traits the result will ALWAYS be a phenotype ratio of 9:3:3:1!!!!!

Question 24

law of independent assortment

Answer 24

the inheritance of alleles for one trait does not affect the inheritance of alleles for another trait.

Question 25

Chromosome theory of Inheritance

Answer 25

traits determined by genes are inherited through the movement of chromosomes during meiosis (division of sex cells)