Genetics Quiz Flashcards
Science of heredity
Genetics
Alternative for of a single gene passed from generation to generation
Allele
Organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait
Homozygous
Organism with two different alleles for a particular trait
Heterozygous
Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Observable characteristics or outward expression of an allele pair
Phenotype
States that the members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed
Law of segregation
Type of heterozygous organisms
Hybrids
States that two or more pairs of alleles segregate independently of one another during gamete formation
Law of independent assortment
New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment
Genetic recombination
Occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism
Polyploidy
Individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder
Carrier
Diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations
Pedigree
The heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes
Incomplete dominance
Both alleles are exposed in the heterozygous condition
Codominance
Forms of inheritance that are determined by more than two alleles
Multiple alleles
One allele hiding the effects of another allele
Epistasis
Determines an individuals gender
Sex chromosomes
22 pairs of chromosomes
Autosomes
Traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosomes
Sex-linked traits
Phenotypic traits that arise from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes
Polygenic traits
Pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph
Karyotype
Protective caps on chromosomes
Telomeres
Cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly
Nondisjunction
Austrian monk born in 1822
Called the father of genetics because he was the first to study patterns of inheritance
Gregor Mendel
Passing of traits, or characteristics, from parents to an offspring
Heredity
Why Pea Plants
- It’s easy to control mating (pea plants are enclosed)
- Easy to grow, grow fast, produce lots of offspring
- They come in two clearly different forms
