Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

Building blocks of matter

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Center of the atom

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Positively charged particles

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

Particles with no charge

Answer 4

Neutron

Question 5

Negatively charged particles

Answer 5

Electrons

Question 6

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical mean

Answer 6

Element

Question 7

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

Pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

Answer 8

Compound

Question 9

Chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared

Answer 9

Covalent bond

Question 10

Compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds

Answer 10

Molecule

Question 11

Atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons and carries an electric charge

Answer 11

Ion

Question 12

Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called bonds

Answer 12

Ionic bond

Question 13

The attraction between molecules

Answer 13

Van der Walls forces

Question 14

Process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances

Answer 14

Chemical reaction

Question 15

Starting substance in a chemical reaction, on the left side of the arrow

Answer 15

Reactants

Question 16

Substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow

Answer 16

Products

Question 17

Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to from products in a chemical reaction

Answer 17

Activation energy

Question 18

Substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Answer 18

Catalyst

Question 19

Biological catalysts that speed yo the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

Reactants that are blind to the enzyme

Answer 20

Substrates

Question 21

Specific location where a substrate blinds on an enzyme

Answer 21

Active site

Question 22

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges

Answer 22

Polar molecules

Question 23

Weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom

Answer 23

Hydrogen bond

Question 24

Combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties

Answer 24

Mixture

Question 25

Another name for a homogeneous mixture

Answer 25

Solution

Question 26

Substance in which another substance is dissolved

Answer 26

Solvent

Question 27

Substance that is dissolved in the solvent

Answer 27

Solute

Question 28

Substances that release hydrogen ions when they are dissolved

Answer 28

Acids

Question 29

Substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Answer 29

Bases

Question 30

Measure of concentration of H+ in a solution

Answer 30

pH

Question 31

Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range

Answer 31

Buffers

Question 32

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

Answer 32

Macromolecules

Question 33

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds

Answer 33

Polymers

Question 34

Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom

Answer 34

Carbohydrates

Question 35

Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes

Answer 35

Lipids

Question 36

Compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Answer 37

Amino acids

Question 38

Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information

Answer 38

Nucleus acids

Question 39

Composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms; they make up nucleus acids

Answer 39

Nucleotides