genetics p2

Question 1

Mendelian Genetics Problems

Answer 1

Genetics problems based on Mendel’s laws of inheritance

Mendel’s laws involve the principles of segregation and independent assortment

Question 2

DNA to Phenotype

Answer 2

The process by which genetic information in DNA is expressed as physical traits

This process involves transcription and translation

Question 3

Human Genome Project and Genetic Engineering Techniques

Answer 3

Project to map and understand all genes in the human genome, along with techniques to manipulate genetic material

Genetic engineering techniques include gene editing and cloning

Question 4

ABO blood types and crosses

Answer 4

Blood type system involving A, B, AB, and O blood types, and crosses to determine offspring blood types

Question 5

allele (dominant vs. recessive)

Answer 5

Different forms of a gene (allele), with dominant alleles masking recessive alleles

Alleles are alternative versions of a gene

Question 6

amino acid

Answer 6

creates proteins, made up of codons

Amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides

Question 7

codominance

Answer 7

Inheritance pattern where both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Codominance results in a mixed phenotype

Question 8

codon/triplet

Answer 8

Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

Codons are part of the genetic code

Question 9

dihybrid cross

Answer 9

Genetic cross involving two traits

Dihybrid crosses examine inheritance of two different traits

Question 10

dominance

Answer 10

Phenomenon where one allele masks the presence of another allele

Dominance determines the phenotype of an organism

Question 11

enzyme

Answer 11

Protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells

Question 12

genotype

Answer 12

Genetic makeup of an organism, represented by alleles

Genotype influences the phenotype of an organism

Question 13

Gregor Mendel

Answer 13

Austrian scientist known as the father of modern genetics

Mendel’s experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for genetics

Question 14

heterozygous

Answer 14

Having two different alleles for a gene

Heterozygous individuals express the dominant allele

Question 15

HGP

Answer 15

Abbreviation for the Human Genome Project

HGP aimed to sequence and map all genes in the human genome

Question 16

homozygous

Answer 16

Having two identical alleles for a gene

Homozygous individuals can be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive

Question 17

incomplete dominance

Answer 17

Inheritance pattern where neither allele is completely dominant

Incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype

Question 18

monohybrid cross

Answer 18

Genetic cross involving one trait

Monohybrid crosses examine inheritance of a single trait

Question 19

multiple alleles

Answer 19

Presence of more than two alleles for a gene in a population

Multiple alleles can lead to various phenotypes

Question 20

phenotype

Answer 20

Physical characteristics of an organism, determined by genotype

Phenotype is the expression of genetic traits

Question 21

sex-linked trait/inheritance

Answer 21

Inheritance pattern where genes are located on the sex chromosomes

Sex-linked traits are often associated with the X chromosome

Question 22

test cross

Answer 22

Cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

Test crosses are used to determine the genotype of an individual