Genetics MCQs Flashcards
1) Which of the following is the name of the small self-replicating DNA molecule found in bacteria that can be used as a cloning vector
a) Plasmid
b) Microsatellite
c) Chromatid
d) Amplicon
a
2) Which of the following is not correct in relation to DNA agarose gel electrophoresis
a) DNA migrates from the negative to the positive electrode
b) Smaller DNA molecules migrate slower than larger DNA molecules
c) Ultraviolet (UV) light is used to visualise the DNA bands in the gel
d) Ethidium bromide binds to the double stranded DNA
b
3) What enzyme is used to seal the DNA sugar phosphate backbone between the cloning vector DNA and the DNA insert during molecular cloning
a) DNA ligase
b) DNA sealing protein
c) Taq polymerase
d) DNA phosphatase
a
4) What is the theoretical number of polymer chain reaction (PCR) amplicons expected after forty cycles with a starting number of 1 target sequence
a) 40 X 2 X 1 = 80
b) 40 X 40^1 = 1600
c) 1 X 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776
d) 40 X 1^2 = 40
c
5) During a typical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle DNA samples are first heated to 94oC and then cooled to 55oC and then heated again to 72oC. What are each of the different temperature steps
a) 94oC = DNA denaturation step 55oC = enzyme extension step 72oC = primer annealing step
b) 94oC = Primer annealing step 55oC = DNA denaturation step 72oC = enzyme extension step
c) 94oC = DNA denaturation step 55oC = primer annealing step 72oC = enzyme extension step
d) 94oC = Enzyme extension step 55oC = DNA denaturation step 72oC = primer annealing step
c
6) Which of the following is not a component of a typical PCR reaction
a) Taq DNA polymerase enzyme
b) ddATP, ddCTP, ddGTP, and ddTTP dideoxynucleotides
c) dATP,dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP nucleotides
d) synthetic single stranded oligonucleotide DNA primers
b
7) The method of sequencing DNA using dideoxynuclotide triphosphates (ddNTPs) is called what
a) The Watson and Crick DNA sequencing method
b) The Sanger DNA sequencing method
c) The Pauling DNA sequencing method
d) The Mendel sequencing method
b
8) Which of the following is the correct name for the widely used gene that allows bacterial colonies carrying a DNA insert to be selected during the molecular cloning process based on their ability to metabolise the sugar X gal
a) LacZ
b) AmpR
c) Taq polymerase gene
d) DNA ligase gene
a
9) What is the target region of a genome that is amplified during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
a) Genomicon
b) Plasmid
c) Anticodon
d) Amplicon
d
10) EcoRI is a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA at a palindromic DNA sequence. Which of the following DNA sequences is palindromic and is the restriction sequence for EcoRI
a) 5’ – GAATTC – 3’
3’- CTTAAG – 5’
b) 5’ – GGGGGG-3’
3’- CCCCCC- 5’
c) 5’-TAATAA-3’
3’- ATTATT- 5’
d) 5’- CACACA-3’
3’- GTGTGT-5’
a
11) Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in biological DNA
a) Guanine
b) Adenine
c) Uracil
d) Cytosine
c
12) What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerases
a) Catalyses the synthesis of a new DNA molecule using a template DNA strand
b) Catalyses the synthesis of a new polypeptide molecules using a template DNA strand
c) Catalyses the synthesis of a new RNA molecule using a template DNA strand
d) Catalyses the synthesis of a new polysaccharide molecule using a template DNA strand
a
14) What is the full term for the acronym Mrna
a) Messenger ribose acid
b) Messenger ribonucleic acid
c) Messenger ribosome acid
d) Messenger restriction acid
b
15) The biochemical process of translation is carried out by which molecule
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) The ribosome
d) DNA ligase
c
16) Which of the following will most dramatically change the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
a) A single nucleotide substitution in the exon of a gene
b) Insertion of six nucleotides in the exon of a gene
c) A single nucleotide deletion in the exon of a gene
d) Deletion of three nucleotides in the exon of a gene
c
17) Examine the coding DNA sequence of a gene below (note only one of the strands is shown). A mutation has been discovered in this gene which changes a guanine nucleotide (G) to a adenine nucleotide (A) (Note the mutation is highlighted in underline and bold). The coding sequence of the normal gene and the mutated sequence of the gene are shown
Normal DNA sequence: TAC GGG CCC GTG
Normal mRNA sequence: AUG CCC GGG CAC
Normal polypeptide sequence: Met Pro Gly His
Mutant DNA sequence: TAC GG CCC GTA
Mutant mRNA sequence: AUG CCC GGG CAU
Mutant polypeptide sequence: Met Pro Gly His
a) A frameshift mutation
b) A missense mutation
c) A silent mutation
d) A nonsense mutation
c
18) When snapdragon plants that produce red flowers are crossed with snapdragon plants that produce white flowers the resulting offspring produce pink flowers. What Is the genetic term used to describe this phenomenon
a) Complete dominance
b) Imperfect dominance
c) Codominance
d) Incomplete dominance
d
19) Who is considered to be the father of genetics
a) Francis Crick
b) Gregor Mendel
c) James Watson
d) Charles Darwin
b
20) What is the meaning of the genetic term epistasis
a) The situation when one gene has a multiple phenotypic effects
b) The situation when one gene alters the expression of another gene
c) The situation when a trait is controlled by one gene
d) The situation when a trait is controlled by one or more gene
b
21) What is the correct description for a diploid organism with a pair of identical alleles for a character
a) Heterogeneous
b) Heterozygous
c) Homozygous
d) Homogeneous
c
22) Which of the following statements is true
a) Eukaryotic cells do not possess mitochondria in their cytoplasm
b) Prokaryotic cells do not contain proteins
c) Eukaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane
d) Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane
d
23) How many rounds of cell division take place in eukaryotic meiotic cell division
a) Two
b) One
c) Four
d) Three
a
24) What is the missing phrase in the statement below? The chromatin in eukaryotic cell nuclei consists of ——-
a) Protein and carbohydrates
b) Carbohydrates and enzymes
c) Deoxyribonucleic acid and carbohydrates
d) Deoxyribonucleic acid and protein
d
25) If mottled overo stallions are matted with mottled overo mares what would the phenotypic proportions of foals born
a) 25% mottled overo foals 50% solid coloured foals 25% pure white still born foals
b) 50% mottled overo foals 25% solid coloured foals 25% pure white still born foals
c) 25% mottled overo foals 25% solid coloured foals 50% pure white still born foals
d) 33.3% mottled overo foals 33.3% solid coloured foals 33.3% pure white still born foals
b