Animal Nut MCQ2 Flashcards
Lipid functions
Electron carriers
Substrate carriers in enzymatic functions
Components of biological membranes
Sources and stores of energy
Stored fat as insulator
Unsaturated fatty acids
Lower melting points
More chemically reactive
Linoleic and Linolenic
Linoleic (6) and Linolenic (3)
Essential Fatty Acids
Glycolipids
Rumen m/o break down galactolipids into fatty acid and glycerol
AME (apparent metabolisable energy)
Gross energy of feed consumed - gross energy contained in the excreta
What VFA is produced in greatest abundance as a consequence of bacterial fermentation in the monogastric large intestine?
Butyric acid
Hydrolysis
Fat breakdown may occur naturally under the influence of lipases
Oxidation (products)
SCFA
Fatty acid polymers
Aldehydes
Ketones
Hydrocarbons
Hydrogenation
H is added to the double bonds of the unsaturated acids of fat, converting them to a saturated analogue
Antioxidants
FA at room temp undergo autoxidation to break down into hydrocarbons, ketones, and aldehydes
Chylomicrons (route of entry)
Enter the venous blood vessels via the thoracic duct
Fat digestion and absorption
FA emulsified by bile salts to form micelles and enter epithelial cells and link to form triglycerides
Triglycerides combine with proteins inside Golgi body to form chylomicrons
Chylomicrons enter the lacteal and are transported away from intestine
Major lipids in dairy cows
Triglycerides
Glycolipids
Free fatty acids
Fat is absorbed as ____ in the ____
Micelles
Small Intestine
Micelles function
Move FA to the surface of intestinal cells for absorption
Chylomicrons
Triglycerides, free FA, cholesterol and other lipid substances coated with protein to form lipoproteins
Crude protein
Any compound that contain nitrogen
CP = N x 6.25
Feeds with high CF contents
Tend to be poorly digested & have low energy contents
NDF, ADF, ADL residues
NDF - cell wall
ADF - cellulose & lignin
ADL - lignin
Nutritional value of grass declines in conjunction with
An increase in lignin
NFE
NFE = [1000 - (sum of the amounts of moisture (g/kg) + ash + crude protein + ether extract + crude fibre)]
Digestibility (%)
Digestibility (%) = [(feed intake - faeces output)/feed intake] x 100
High fibre foods
Better digested by ruminants
Digestible Energy
Frequently used in the rationing of monogastrics because the breakdown of carbohydrates in their system produces only negligible quantities of methane
Digestible Energy (eqn)
DE = Gross energy - faecal energy
Metabolisable Energy
Most accurate measurement of the energy content of a feedstuff for ruminants
Gross Energy Values
Carbs
Protein
Fats
Carbs - 17.5 MJ GE/kg
Protein - 23.6 MJ GE/kg
Fats - 39.3 MJ GE/kg
Minerals (def)
Inorganic elemental atoms that are essential nutrients
Minerals (func.)
Participate with enzymes in metabolic processes
Structural function
pH and water balance
Nerve and muscle function