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Grade 11 Biology > Genetics Key Terms > Flashcards

Genetics Key Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

heredity

A

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

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2
Q

genetics

A

the branch of biology that deals with heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

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3
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecules that carry genetic information in cells

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4
Q

gene

A

segments of DNA molecules that code for particular traits

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5
Q

locus

A

the location of a gene on a chromosome

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6
Q

polyploid

A

having more than two sets of chromosomes (ex. many plants are polyploids)

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7
Q

asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction

A

asexual: reproduction that requires only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring
sexual: reproduction that generally requires 2 parents and produces genetically distinct offspring

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8
Q

diploid vs haploid cells

A

haploid: contains half the number of chromosomes (gametes)
diploid: contains pairs of chromosomes (somatic)

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9
Q

zygote

A

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes

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10
Q

fertilization

A

joining of male and female sex cells

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11
Q

alleles

A

different forms of the same gene

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12
Q

karyotype

A

a photogrpah of pairs of homologous choromosomes in a cell

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13
Q

autosomes

A

22 of the pairs that are not the sex chromosomes

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14
Q

genetic reduction vs recombination (both key outcomes of meiosis)

A

reduction: produces daughter cells with half the # of chromosomes as the parent cell
recombination: products of meiosis have different combinations of alleles (genetically different offspring)

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15
Q

synapsis

A

aligning of homologous chromosomes (during pro 1 in meta 1)

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16
Q

spermatogenesis vs oogenesis

A

spermatogenesis: process of producing male gametes (sperm) in mammals
oogenesis: process of producing female gametes (eggs) in mammals

17
Q

homologous chromosomes

A
  • similar but not identical
  • carry the same genes
  • simlar length, centromere location
18
Q

mitosis vs meiosis

A

mitosis: produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent
meiosis: produces gametes with a haploid # of chromosomes. genetic information from both parents

Grade 11 Biology (3 decks)

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