Genetics Key Info Flashcards
1
Q
what are the three statements of cell theory
A
- all living things are made up of cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- all cells come from pre-existing cells
2
Q
what are the purposes of cell division (3)
A
- reproduction
- growth
- repair
3
Q
what happens in interphase
A
- DNA is duplicated
- growth
- carries out duties
4
Q
what are the four stages of mitosis
A
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
5
Q
what happens in prophase
A
- chromosomes are visible
- nucleur membrane disappears
6
Q
what happens in metaphase
A
-chromosomes line up in the middle
7
Q
what happens in anaphase
A
-chromosomes split to opposite sides
8
Q
what happens in telophase
A
- nuclear membrane reappears
- chromosomes uncoil
9
Q
what happens in mitosis
A
the formation of two nuclei
10
Q
what happens in cytokinesis
A
- division of cytoplasm
- two complete and identical daughter cells are formed
11
Q
plant cloning: how is it used
A
- vegetative propogation (taking a piece of a plant, plant it, and it grows), take tissue samplets then put in pitri dish and plants grow.
- used commercially: ornamental (petunias) and agricultural (grapes)
12
Q
animal cloning: how is it used
A
- nuleus donor + egg cell donor
- nucleus is put in egg cell
- shocked to divide to make embryo
- animal has identical DNA to nucleus donor!
13
Q
what are 4 pros of cloning?
A
- produces valuable pharmaceutical and commercial products
- high quality + quantity
- prize individual animals
- may help protect endangered species
14
Q
what are 4 cons of cloning?
A
- more vulnerable to environmental changes + new diseases
- can be expensive
- unnatural (consumers may avoid)
- detrimental genes remain in population
15
Q
what type of sex chromosomes does each gender have?
A
mother: X’s
father: X/Y
