Genetics Genomics

Question 1

What is the study of single genes, heredity, and variation of organisms called?

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

What is the study of all the genes in our DNA and their functions called?

Answer 2

Genomics

Question 3

In what year was the human genome sequenced?

Answer 3

2003

Question 4

What does epigenetics help explain?

Answer 4

How different types of cells are formed from cells that contain the same genome

Question 5

How does the epigenome of a developing baby get influenced?

Answer 5

By the expectant parent’s lifestyle while still in the womb

Question 6

What is the genetic material found in all cells?

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 7

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 7

46

Question 8

What are specific sequences of DNA called?

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer 9

• Adenine (A) * Thymine (T) * Guanine (G) * Cytosine (C)

Question 10

What is the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA called?

Answer 10

Transcription

Question 11

What is the process of reading mRNA to synthesize proteins called?

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 12

DNA and proteins that form a structure called chromatin

Question 13

What type of cells contain 2 copies of each chromosome?

Answer 13

Diploid cells

Question 14

What are gametes, such as sperm and ovum, classified as?

Answer 14

Haploid

Question 15

What is the final stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides called?

Answer 15

Cytokinesis

Question 16

What are the four main phases of mitosis?

Answer 16

• Prophase * Metaphase * Anaphase * Telophase

Question 17

What is the process called that produces gametes containing one chromosome from each pair?

Answer 17

Meiosis

Question 18

What occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis that generates variation?

Answer 18

Recombination

Question 19

What do mutations refer to?

Answer 19

Changes in the base sequence of DNA due to mistakes during copying

Question 20

What are the two types of alleles inherited in genetics?

Answer 20

• Heterozygous * Homozygous

Question 21

What is the observable characteristics determined by an individual’s genotype called?

Answer 21

Phenotype

Question 22

What are single gene disorders caused by?

Answer 22

A mutation of a single gene

Question 23

What is the term for having an abnormal number of chromosomes?

Answer 23

Aneuploidy

Question 24

What is Down’s syndrome also known as?

Answer 24

Trisomy 21

Question 25

What does preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allow?

Answer 25

Diagnosis of genetic and chromosomal disorders in an embryo before transfer

Question 26

What is the process by which maternal and paternal DNA are exchanged during meiosis called?

Answer 26

Recombination

Question 27

Fill in the blank: Genes are inherited in pairs, but there are different types of each gene called _______.

Answer 27

alleles

Question 28

True or False: Each gamete produced during meiosis is genetically identical.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the initial assessment performed on a newborn called?

Answer 29

Newborn and Infant Physical Examination (NIPE)

Question 30

What is the screening program that tests for metabolic and genetic disorders in newborns?

Answer 30

Newborn Blood Spot (NBS) screening program