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Year Three - Specialities > Genetics - Fertilisation > Flashcards

Genetics - Fertilisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

It involves two haploid cells forming one diploid cell

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2
Q

What is a zygote?

A

It forms when a sperm penetrates the outer surface of any egg

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3
Q

What does a zygote divide into? When does this occur?

A

Morula

Day 4

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4
Q

What is a morula?

A

A solid ball of cells

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5
Q

What process occurs in the morula? What is this?

A

Compaction

It is the process of cells condensing and becoming less distinctly defined

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6
Q

What does a morula divide into? When does this occur?

A

Blastocyst

Day 5

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7
Q

What does the blastocyst separate into?

A

Inner cell mass (embryoblast)

Outer layer of cells (trophoblast)

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8
Q

What does the trophoblast form?

A

Placenta

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9
Q

What does the embyroblast form?

A

Embryo

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10
Q

What occurs during gestation week one?

A

Implantation

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11
Q

In which part of the uterus does implantation occur?

A

Anterior/superior walls

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12
Q

What occurs during gestation week two?

A

Formation of bilaminar disk

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13
Q

What three events occur during gestation week three?

A

Formation of primitive streak

Formation of notochord

Gastrulation

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14
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

It is a process that converts a ball of cells into a multi-layered organism

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15
Q

What three events occur during gestation week four?

A

Limb buds begin to form

Neural tube closes

Heart begins to beat

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16
Q

What is neurulation?

A

It is the process of neural tube formation, which is primarily through folding of the neuroectoderm

17
Q

What two events occur during gestation week ten?

A

Genitals are differentiated

Intermittent breathing movements

18
Q

What determines whether an embryo is male or female?

A

Whether the sperm contains an X or Y chromosome

19
Q

What is the karyotype of males?

A

XY

20
Q

What is the karyotype of females?

A

XX

21
Q

What is X-inactivation?

A

It is a process that occurs in females during embryonic development resulting in one X chromosome in each cell being inactivated so the cells have a single working copy of the X chromosome genes

22
Q

Why is X-inactivation important?

A

It ensures that the females have exactly the same level of gene products as a male

Year Three - Specialities (15 decks)

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