Genetics Exam 3

Question 0

mutation that changes the mutant phenotype back into the wild type

Answer 0

Reverse mutation

Question 1

mutation that alters the wild type phenotype

Answer 1

forward mutation

Question 2

base substitution that results in a different amino acid

Answer 2

Missense mutation

Question 3

mutation that changes a sense codon into a termination codon (severe mutation in protein function)

Answer 3

Nonsense mutation.

Question 4

mutations generally impact?

Answer 4

the promotor, 5’ or 3’ noncoding sequences, splice junctions, and enhancers.

Question 5

Chromatin structure and folding can impact?

Answer 5

gene function

Question 6

mutation changes the codon but not the amino acid

Answer 6

silent mutation

Question 7

missense mutatio alters the amino acid sequence but odes not change the function of the protein

Answer 7

Neutral

Question 8

causes the complete or partial absence of a normal protein function. usually recessive

Answer 8

loss of function mutation

Question 9

produces an entirely new trait or causes it to appear in an inappropriate tissue or at an inappropriate time

Answer 9

gain of function mutation

Question 10

genetic change that hides or suppresses the effect of another mutation. can be Intragenic or Intergenic

Answer 10

Suppressor Mutation

Question 11

occurs in the same gene as that containing the mutation being suppressed

Answer 11

Intragenic

Question 12

…….

Answer 12

intergenic mutation

Question 13

is Charge syndrome dominant or recessive if the affected patient is heterozygous?

Answer 13

Dominant

Question 14

Charge Syndrome is a type of this mutation?

Answer 14

Nonsense-Codon CHD7 to a stop codon.

Question 15

UUG codon codes for this amino acid?

Answer 15

Leucine

Question 16

UAG is this type of codon

Answer 16

Stop codon

Question 17

A base substitution that alters a single codon via insertion or deletion can result in?

Answer 17

a frameshift change

Question 18

tri-nucleotide repeats can incorrectly produce a_____ on the newly synthesized strand causing part of the template……

Answer 18

Hairpin loop

Question 19

Fragile X syndrome is a trinucleotide repeat of which codon?

Answer 19

CGG repeats

Question 20

Huntington Disease is a type of trinucleotide repeat of this codon? Does it increase or decrease with generations?

Answer 20

CAG repeats. increase with generations and it gets worse.

Question 21

addition of one or more nucleotides

Answer 21

insertion mutation

Question 22

Spontaneous replication errors, spontaneous chemical …..

Answer 22

common mutation factors

Question 23

if homologous chromosomes misalign during crossing over. what are the results?

Answer 23

one crossover contains an insertion. the other crossover contains a deletion.

Question 24

Loss of a purine results in a nucleotide that cant pair. involving which bases?

Answer 24

A and G

Question 25

Loss of an amine results in a biochemical change resulting in a different nucleotide replacing the original

Answer 25

methylcytosine…..

Question 26

Thymine is a normal base and it’s mutagenic analog is?

Answer 26

5-Bromouracil

Question 27

EMS is a classic chemical mutagen in which family?

Answer 27

alkylating agents

Question 28

proflavin, acridine orange, and ethidium bromine are types of?

Answer 28

intercalating agents

Question 29

Base analogs are mutatgenic bc of …..

Answer 29

they are similar in structure but not identical

Question 30

name the four DNA repair mechanisms

Answer 30

Mismatch repair, direct repair, base-exclusion, and nucleotide-exclusion repair

Question 31

in mismatched repair, the parent strand is methylated at GATC sequences……

Answer 31

……

Question 32

concept check 3

Answer 32

C…..

Question 33

what is Bloom Syndrome?

Answer 33

mutations in the gene encoding DNA helicase RecQ protein like-3 resulting in flaws in sister chromatid exchange.

Question 34

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Answer 34

Autosomal recessive disease, photosensitivty, De Novo mutation not passed on in generation.