Genetics/DNA Flashcards
How many nucleotide are there?
4
What is another name for nucleotide?
base
What are the four nucleotides
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
What is the structure of DNA
a strand
what is the backbone of the strand made of
phosphate and sugar
How is the strand read
3’ to 5’
what does ‘ mean when referring to 3 and 5
prime
what are the two ends called on DNA
3’ and 5’
what is step two of the DNA structure
two strands together
What is the term used to stick the strands together
base pairing
what is T always bonded with
A
What is G always bonded with
C
What is the name of the whole structure of DNA
Double stranded helix
how many letters code for one amino acid
three
what are the three letters called
codon
name the four building stages of DNA (in order)
bases, amino acid, protein, and organism
one strand of DNA is called
a chromosome
another word for codon
gene
what is between the start codon and the end codon
gene
what is between the end and start codon
junk, useless material
in what state is DNA usually in
uncoiled
when is DNA coiled
when the cell is getting ready to split
what does DNA coil around to get organized
histone proteins
what is one chromosome
on strand of chromosome
what is one duplicated chromosome
two exact copies of chromosome
two chromatid equals
one duplicated chromosome
what is the human genome
entire collections of genes
how many chromosomes do humans have
46
how many pairs of chromosomes doe humans have
23
how many pairs of homolgous or autosomal chromosomes
22
how many pairs of sex chromosomes
1
what gene is the same in all humans
first gene
what does the first gene consist of
hair color, eye color, and ear shape
where do the halves of chromosomes come from
one from mom and one from dad
what are alleles
different versions of genes
name the three building stages of pairs
chromosome, genes, alleles
each chromosomes have
multiple genes
