DNA Replication Flashcards
Define anti parallel
strands the are opposite but next to each other
how is the leading strand started
3’
how is the new strand written for the leading strand
5’—>3’
What kind of replication is happening with the leading strand?
continuous
What is the helicase
protein that unwinds and separates DNA
What is the primase
protein that creates RNA primer
What is DNA polymerse III
lays down new strand
What is DNA polymerse I
replaces primer with DNA
What kind of replication happens with the lagging strand
discontinuous
In the lagging strand, what does Polymerse III do
lays down okazaki fragments
In the lagging strand, what does Polymerse I do
replaces primer with DNA
What does a ligase do
attaches fragments to the lagging strand of DNA
What are the two steps of DNA to protein
Transcription and Translation
What happens during RNA synthesis
RNA copies DNA
What replaces Thymine during RNA synthesis
Uracil
What happens during protein synthesis
RNA is read to put amino acid together
What are the three parts to each gene
promoter region, body, and termination signal
what is the promoter region
where RNA polymerse binds
what is the body in a gene
begins with the start codon
what is the termination signal in a gene
stop codon and signal for polyerse to detach
What is the machinery
transcription factors and RNA polymerase
what are transcription factors
recognize promotor region and signal polymerse to bind
what is the RNA polymerse
Pulls DNA strands apart and creates RNA strand from DNA template strand
What are the three steps to transcription
Initiation, elongation, and termination
What is initiation
transcription factors find and attach to a promotor
RNA attaches to
DNA
What does the polymerse do
separates DNA and begins synthesis of RNA from DNA strand template
DNA is read from
3’ to 5’
DNA is created from
5’ to 3’
In elongation what does the RNA polymerse travel down
DNA template
With what are RNA strands created with
bases complimentary to DNA strand
Why do the RNA strands separate
so DNA strands can reattach
at termination signal what does the polymerse release
DNA and RNA
What RNA strand is created at the end of transcription
messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the full name of RNA
ribionucleic acid
What are the three types of RNA
Messenger, ribosomal, and transfer
What do the messenger RNA do
code for protein
What do the ribosomal RNA do
protein complex that reads mRNA and builds protein
What do the transfer RNA do
caries specific amino acids
What is the translation RNA made of
protein
What does the mRNA do in translation
carries code from nucleus to cytoplasm
What couples with mRNA in translation
ribosomes
what do the tRNA do in translation
bring in appropriate amino acids
