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Maternal-Newborn Nursing > Genetics, Conception and Fetal development > Flashcards

Genetics, Conception and Fetal development Flashcards

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1
Q

Genotype

A

Person’s genetic make up

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

How genes are outwardly expressed; hair color, eye color, height

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3
Q

Importance of genetics and genomics

A

Prevent diseases
predict diseases
diagnose diseases
develop treatment plans.

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4
Q

List recessive genetic diseases

A

Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
Tay-sach’s disease
Phenylketonuria

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5
Q

What are some dominant genetic diseases?

A

Huntington’s disease

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6
Q

Sex linked genetic diseases

A

Hemophilia
Duchene’s muscular dystrophy

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7
Q

What are some of the risk factors to genetic disorders?

A

maternal age > 35
History of previous pregnancy resulting in abnormalities
One or both parents with genetic disorders
Family history

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8
Q

Why is it important for parents to use gene therapy?

A

Prepare to raise a child with genetic disorders
Seek counselling on whether to keep or terminate the pregnancy.

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9
Q

What are teratogens?

A

Drugs, viruses, infections, or other exposures that may cause fetal abnormalities.

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10
Q

Phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular
Ovulatory
Luteal

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11
Q

Follicular phase

A

1st day of menstruation to 12-14 days
The LH and FSH cause the Graafian follicle to mature and produce estrogen

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12
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Peak of estrogen to release of the egg (oocyte).

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13
Q

Luteal phase

A

After ovulation for 14 days.
Empty follicle forms the corpus luteum
High progesterone and low estrogen

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14
Q

Endometrial cycle

A

Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Menstrual phase

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15
Q

Proliferative phase

A

Menstruation to ovulation
Endometrium becomes thicker and vascular due to increasing estrogen levels

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16
Q

Secretory phase

A

Ovulation to menstruation
Progesterone from Corpus luteum is main hormone

17
Q

Menstrual phase

A

Expulsion of endometrial tissue

18
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized oocyte

19
Q

Embryo

A

First 8 weeks

20
Q

Fetus

A

From 9 weeks

21
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Umbilical vein to IVC

22
Q

Right atrium to left atrium

A

Foramen ovale

23
Q

Left ventricle to aorta

A

Ductus arteriosus

24
Q

Amnion is the _____membrane
Chorion is the ______ membrane

A

Amnion - inner
Chorion- outer

25
Q

What are the functions of the amniotic fluid?

A

From maternal movements
From amniotic membrane
Thermal environment
Freedom of movement-musculoskeletal development

26
Q

At 34 weeks amniotic fluid peaks at
At term the amniotic fluid reduces to

A

800-1000
500-600

27
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excess amniotic fluid- 1500-2000

28
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Decreased amount of amniotic fluid
500 at term of 50% reduction

29
Q

Functions of the placenta

A

Metabolic and gas exchange
Hormone production

30
Q

When is the placenta fully functional?

A

Between the 8th and 10th week

31
Q

________ carries waste products and deoxygenated blood from fetus

A

Chorionic villus artery

32
Q

_________ returns oxygenated blood and nutrients to fetus

A

Chorionic villus vein

33
Q

What is Wharton’s jelly?

A

A collagenous substance that protects the vessels from compression

34
Q

Why does the nurse assess and document the number of cord vessels after delivery?

A

Newborns with two vessels, one artery and one vein have 20% chance of having cardiac or vascular defect.

35
Q

List causes of infertility (Male)

A
  • Endocrine causes
  • Gonadotoxins affecting spermatogenesis
  • Sperm antibodies
  • Blocked sperm transport factors
  • Intercourse disorders
36
Q

Factors affecting spermatogenesis (6)

A
  • Drugs
  • Infections and viruses
  • Systemic illnesses
  • Prolonged heat exposure (Hot tubs, tight underwear, bike riding)
  • Pesticide exposure
  • Radiation
37
Q

Female infertility causative factors

A

Ovulatory dysfunction
Tubal and pelvic pathology
Cervical mucus factors (Infection and surgery)

Maternal-Newborn Nursing (3 decks)

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