genetics & biotechnology

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

the branch of biology that studies the ways in which hereditary information is passed on from parents to offspring

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

the father of genetics

Question 3

trait

Answer 3

a trait or character is a feature of an organism

phenotype is used as synonym for trait

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self replicating material which is present in all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. carrier of genetic information

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

the small bodies in the nucleus of a cell that carry the chemical instructions for reproductions of the cell
threadlike structure of nucleic acid

Question 7

alleles

Answer 7

one of the possible forms of a gene. most genes have two alleles (dominant and recessive)

Question 8

dominant alleles

Answer 8

a variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype even in the presence of other alleles

Question 9

recessive allele

Answer 9

only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele

Question 10

karyotype

Answer 10

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei

Question 11

diploid 2n

Answer 11

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Found in somatic cell of humans

Question 12

haploid n

Answer 12

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

found in gametes sex cells of humans

Question 13

monosomy

Answer 13

missing one chromosome from a pair of chromosomes

Question 14

trisomy

Answer 14

the presence of three copies of chromosomes rather than the normal two

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

observable/ measurable characteristics of an organism

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

genetic constitution of an organism

Question 17

Mendel’s laws of heredity

Answer 17

Inherited characteristics
Principle of dominance
law of segregation

Question 18

Inherited characteristics

Answer 18

genes happen in pairs

during fertilization 2 genes come together to form a pair

Question 19

principle of dominance

Answer 19

one gene masks the effect of another

Question 20

law of segregation

Answer 20

genes separate (segregate) during the formation of sex cells. Organisms get one gene from each parent for a particular trait

Question 21

monohybrid cross

Answer 21

involves the crossing of individuals and the examination of ONE(mono) character

Question 22

dihybrid cross

Answer 22

a cross between two organisms that differ in two observed traits
ratio
9:3:3:1

Question 23

sex linked traits

Answer 23

traits that are controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes (usually the x chromosome)

Question 24

incomplete dominance

Answer 24

lack of dominant gene. Both alleles contribute to phenotype of a heterozygote. Produces an offspring with traits unlike either parent
ex. snapdragons

Question 25

Codominance

Answer 25

two dominant genes are expressed at the same time
in the heterozygous organism
ex. type AB blood

Question 26

multiple alleles

Answer 26

when more than 2 different alleles exist for a trait

upper case letters with subscript

Question 27

pedigree

Answer 27

a chart that shows how a trait and the genes that control it, are inherited in a family
ex. hitchhikers thumb