Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
nucleic acid
A
type of heredity material
contain nucleotides
2
Q
nucleotide
A
composed of five carbon sugar unit, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base
3
Q
nitrogenous base
A
in nucleotides can be 1 of 2 types
pyrimidine (one ring structure)
purine (two ring structure)
4
Q
Purine
A
adenine
guanine
5
Q
pyrimidine
A
thymine
cystosine
6
Q
DNA
A
double helix
adenine always pairs with thymine
never leaves nucleus
deoxyribose
7
Q
RNA
A
single stranded structure can leave nucleus thymine is replaced by uracil deoxyribose of sugar is replaced by ribose 3 diff types mRNA tRNA rRNA
8
Q
DNA replication
A
- hydrogen bonds that hold nitrogen bases together are broken
- two edges of the ladder unzip leaving 2 single parent strands
- two parent strands act as template or mold. Free floating nucleotides in cell attach to each parent (matching bases)
- enzymes called polymerase then come fuse the free floating nucleotides to the parent strand result is two new strands identical to parent strand
- special enzymes act as proof readers, run on DNA strand to find mistake then fixes it
9
Q
DNA polymerase
A
builder
proof reader
builds new strand of DNA
5’ to 3’ direction
10
Q
Helicase
A
unzipping enzyme
11
Q
Ligase
A
gluer
gluing enzyme
12
Q
mRNA
A
carries code to protein
13
Q
tRNA
A
linked to particular amino acid and to base pair with codon in mRNA so that the amino acid can be added to the amino acid chain that is forming a protein
14
Q
codon
A
found on mRNA
15
Q
anticodon
A
found on tRNA
