Genetics B Level

Question 1

Summarize Mendel’s first law of genetics know as “The Law Of Segregation.”

Answer 1

Allele pairs for a trait separate when gametes are formed. This is because homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete.

Question 2

Summarize Mendel’s second law of genetics known as “The Law Of Independent Assortment.”

Answer 2

Genes for different traits (such as seed shape and seed color) separate without affecting one another during gamete formation. This law applies only to genes located on different chromosomes.

Question 3

Describe the three basic differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 3

1. Meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid cells. Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid body cells(somatic cells).
2. Meiosis - homologous chromosome pairs(tetrads) line up in metaphase one. Mitosis- Chromosomes line up in single file in metaphase.
3. Meiosis - homologous chromosome pairs separate in anaphase 1(the sister chromatids do not separate). Mitosis - sister chromatids separate in anaphase.