Genetics and Variation - Inheritance Flashcards
define polyploid
more than 2 sets of chromosomes
define gene
sequence of dna bases at a specific locus on a chromosome that codes for 1 polypeptide
define allele
alternative form of a gene found at the same locus but may produce a different phenotype
define codominant
when both alleles are expressed and neither is dominant/recessive
define purebreeding
homozygous alleles
define dihybrid
inheritence of 2 genes at the same time
in dihybrid inheritance, what ratio will 2 heterozygous parents produce?
9:3:3:1
define epistasis
when 2 genes (that aren’t alleles) are interacting so that one surpresses the effects of another
define sex-linkage
when an allele is located on an X or Y chromosome
define autosomal linkage
where 2 genes are located on the same chromosome and are inherited together
when does autosomal linkage occur?
during crossing over in meiosis
define gene pool
complete range of alleles for all genes in a population of organisms
define evolution
the change in the allele frequencies in a population
what is the hardy-weinberg principle?
p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
p + q = 1
or
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
