Genetics And Inheritance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the basic unit of heredity?

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do we call the physical expression of a gene?

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?

A

A possible genotype of the offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

A

Dominant alleles express their trait even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express the trait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the probability of getting a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents (Aa)?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the term for an organism’s genetic makeup?

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of a gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the law of segregation?

A

The principle that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is known as the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a dihybrid cross?

A

A cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In humans, what are the sex chromosomes for males?

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

A form of inheritance where the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do we call traits that are controlled by multiple genes?

A

Polygenic traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a test cross?

A

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.

17
Q

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

A

3:1

18
Q

What is a carrier?

A

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele but does not express the trait.

19
Q

What is a pedigree chart?

A

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.

20
Q

What does the term ‘homozygous’ mean?

A

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

21
Q

What is the role of DNA in genetics?

A

DNA carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms.

22
Q

What is the definition of a mutation?

A

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

23
Q

What are linked genes?

A

Genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

24
Q

What is a genetic disorder?

A

A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA.

25
Q

What is the main function of ribosomes in cells?

A

To synthesize proteins based on the genetic code.

26
Q

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.