genetics and inheritance

Question 1

study of gene transmission from generation to generation

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

DNA sequences that contain instructions (nucleotide sequence) for building proteins

Answer 2

genes

Question 3

The sum of all genetic material, including its coding and noncoding nucleic acid sequence

Answer 3

genome

Question 4

used to collect hereditary information such as possible illnesses and mixed races

Answer 4

Genome Wide Arrays

Question 5

last pair in a karyotype

Answer 5

allosomes

Question 6

first 22 pairs in a karyotype

Answer 6

autosomes

Question 7

location of a specific pair of genes

Answer 7

gene locus

Question 8

Alternative versions of the same gene pair

Answer 8

alleles

Question 9

identical allele at one particular locus

Answer 9

homozygous

Question 10

different allele at one particular locus

Answer 10

heterozygous

Question 11

Masks or suppresses the expression of the complementary allele.
Always expressed, even if heterozygous

Answer 11

dominant allele

Question 12

Will only be expressed if the individual’s genes are homozygous for the recessive allele

Answer 12

recessive allele

Question 13

born with more than 10 fingers

Answer 13

polydactyly

Question 14

created punnett squares

Answer 14

gregor mandel

Question 15

introduces statistics and probability to genetics

Answer 15

Punnett squares

Question 16

Gametes carry only 1 allele in each gene, and Parent A and Parent B alleles are given to the offspring separately

Answer 16

Law of Segregation

Question 17

Genes for different traits are separated during meiosis if the 2 genes are in different chromosomes. // “crossing over”

Answer 17

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 18

A homozygous recessive pair is equal to 2 recessive genes.
Also considers the Punnett square analysis

Answer 18

Law of dominance

Question 19

Parent A is a white dog, and parent B is a black dog

Offspring: white OR black dog

Answer 19

complete dominance

Question 20

Parent A is a white dog, and parent B is a black dog

Offspring: gray dog

Answer 20

incomplete dominance

Question 21

Parent A is a white dog, and Parent B is a black dog

Offspring: black AND white spots

Answer 21

co-dominance

Question 22

Inheritance of phenotypic traits that depend on many genes

Answer 22

polygenetic inheritance

Question 23

Genes are supposed to be even but sometimes when crossing over happens, they dont shuffle or separate due to being too close in distance

Answer 23

linked allele

Question 24

when the sex of the offspring affects their genetics

Answer 24

sex-linked inheretance

Question 25

hemophilia is an example of what type of inheritance?
a.) linked allele
b.) polygenetic
c.) sex linked

Answer 25

c - sex linked

Question 26

unseparated homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

non-disjunction genetic disorders

Question 27

commonly known as trisomy 21 and is the most common genetic disorder and non-disjunction example

Answer 27

down syndrome

Question 28

what is this syndrome?
- Characteristically short, simian crease, epicanthic fold in eye corner, and challenges in mental faculties

Answer 28

down syndrome

Question 29

XXY - if an egg cell with an extra X chromosome is fertilized with sperm with 1 Y chromosome

Answer 29

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 30

name the syndrome:
- taller male with a less muscular physique than males their age, broader hips and longer legs, larger breasts, weaker bones, low energy levels, smaller penis, and testicles

Answer 30

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 31

“hypospadias”

Answer 31

opening of the urethra

Question 32

XYY - Male receives an extra Y chromosome

Answer 32

Jacob syndrome

Question 33

XO - monosomy
- all or part of the X chromosome is absent

Answer 33

Turner syndrome

Question 34

name the syndrome:
- Short stature, webbed neck, broad shield-like chest
Rudimentary ovaries and underdeveloped breasts

Answer 34

turner syndrome

Question 35

when a piece of a chromosome breaks off

Answer 35

deletions

Question 36

occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and then attaches to another chromosome

Answer 36

translocations

Question 37

deletion of chromosome 5
those affected with this syndrome have cries that sound similar to a cat

Answer 37

cri du chat syndrome

Question 38

2 copies of the mutated gene from each parent are present in the offspring

Answer 38

recessive alleles inherited genetic disorders

Question 39

Metabolic disease that is caused by a buildup of phenylalanine in the body due to enzyme deficiency

Answer 39

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 40

Caused by the absence of hexosaminidase-A (hex-A) which allows fat to accumulate in the brain
- Lifespan of only 5-6 years

Answer 40

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 41

The cerebral section of the brain degenerates
- Each child of an infected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene

Answer 41

huntington’s disease

Question 42

Visualizes relationships within families, particularly large extended families

Answer 42

pedigree analysis