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bio 4Q > BIOTECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES > Flashcards

BIOTECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

using biological tools and knowledge for human purposes

A

biotechnology

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2
Q

manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms

A

genetic engineering

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3
Q

Type of genetic engineering wherein you recombine 2 DNA strands from 2 organisms for the purposes of making more and amplifying it

A

recombinant DNA technology

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4
Q

cuts DNA at specific cites

A

restriction enzymes

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5
Q

joins fragments of DNA

A

DNA Ligases

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6
Q

small circular pieces of DNA to which desired genes can be added and inserted to bacteria for amplification

A

plasmids

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7
Q

how do restriction enzymes know where to cut?

A

there are palindromic sequences and primase

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8
Q

machine assisted amplification of DNA

A

polymerase chain reaction

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9
Q

step 1 of PCR that heats the DNA to separate/denature the double helix into single strands

A

denaturation

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10
Q

cooling the reaction for 45 seconds so primers can bind to their complementary sequences on the single stranded template DNA

A

Annealing

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11
Q

heating for 2 minutes so that the TAQ polymerase extends the primers to know what to replicate as a partial whole

A

extension

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12
Q

final cooling at 5 C to ensure proper bonding of the newly synthesized DNA strand

A

cooling repeat cycle

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13
Q

used to know the sequence of ATCG

A

colorimetric experimentation

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14
Q

agar rose gel and electricity wherein you have negatively charged DNA samples that strain to positively charged power

A

Gel Electrophoresis

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15
Q

blood running through a machine, not often used because the suspects have to consent to give blood

A

blood strain

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16
Q

modifying plants for commercial purposes

A

transgenic plants

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16
Q

modified living organisms for the purpose of treatment and supplementation

A

transgenic organisms

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17
Q

generates more animal based products such as dairy

A

gene pharming

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18
Q

WHICH DISORDER:
- inherited lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase
- gene therapy introduces ADA to T cells and mitosis amplifies it

A

severe combined immunodeficiency (bubble boy)

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19
Q

WHICH DISORDER:
Over-accumulation of mucus and Stresses more than the respiratory system

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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20
Q

WHICH DISORDER:
over production of cells and using gene therapy by producing more interleukins

A

cancer

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21
Q

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
spikes attached to receptors of the human body

A

s-spikes

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22
Q

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
contains the infection

A

M-protein

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23
Q

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
releases the infection

A

E-protein

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
- viruses contain RNA and DNA

A

FALSE - only RNA

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25
Q

DNA fingerprinting utilizes which method of sequencing

A

Gel electrophoresis

26
Q

introduction of human genes into human cells to treat or correct a disease
- not available to the public yet, but available in a clinical level

A

gene therapy

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
- the gene therapy of severe combined immunodeficiency is done by introducing the gene for ADA into the patient’s T cells and re-introduce the genetically modified T cells into the patient

A

TRUE

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
- the gene therapy in cancer is done by removing the interleukins of cancer cells

A

FALSE - introduce interleukins to regulate cell growth and reproduction

29
Q

introduces genes into human cells, however, the insertion sites are random

A

retrovirus

30
Q

which vaccine contains the entire virus itself but already dead

A

inactivated

31
Q

vaccines that contain the S, M, and E proteins

A

protein vaccines

32
Q

until clinical trial and was not executed
contains the entire COVID virus but only weakened

A

attenuated vaccines

32
Q

cancer-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors
- chemicals of most concern are those that have very low solubilities in water and are highly soluble in fat

A

environmental toxins

33
Q

generally abundant but at a certain dosage or concentration can become very toxic

A

metals as an environmental toxin

34
Q

naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times greater than that of water
- varying toxicity levels

A

heavy metals

35
Q

can be found on metal materials that is used to build houses, cosmetics, and some houses that are from the Victorian era
Symptoms include: headaches, irritability, reduced sensations, aggressive behavior, difficulty sleeping, abdominal pain, poor appetite, constipation

A

Lead poisoning

36
Q

evident in the different medical devices we use, can be evident in raw seafood as well: reason why pregnant women should not eat sashimi

A

mercury poisoning

37
Q

the concentration of toxic pollutants is higher in the tissues of organisms higher on the food chain

A

biological magnification

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
without greenhouses gasses: the temperature would be negative, we need this to regulate the warmth of the earth otherwise the earth would be freezing

A

TRUE

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals

A

TRUE

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels

A

TRUE

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
completely eradicating the ecosystem is completely reversible with the right actions and proceedures

A

FALSE - U WISH

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Trophosphere - O3 is still beneficial
Stratosphere: O3 is an air pollutant

A

FALSE - Trophosphere - O3 is an air pollutant :: stratosphere: O3 is actually beneficial

43
Q

widespread burning of forests
due to indiscriminate logging for wood and widespread burning of forests to create a new cropland

A

Deforestation

44
Q

Sulfuric dioxide + nitric oxide + water caper = sulfuric acid and nitric acid, dissolve in raindrops.

A

acid rain

45
Q

Thick and deadly layer of smoke and fog which can trigger conditions like asthma and allergies
- Forms glass cage where fresh air couldn’t enter

A

Smog

46
Q

Penetrates the respiratory and circulatory system, damaging our lungs, heart, and brain

A

air pollution

47
Q

when human activities pollute water sources

A

water pollution

48
Q

water pollution full of bacteria

A

organic pollutants

49
Q

highly induces growth of algae
May result in eutrophication

A

inorganic pollutants

50
Q

excessive growth which causes blooms that prevents sunlight from entering the water

A

eutrophication

51
Q

killing off ecosystems without creating interventions

A

hydropower and environment

52
Q

is the term for tiny particles found in the air
- It is formed in the atmosphere because of chemical reactions between pollutants

A

Particulate matter

53
Q

Gram-positive: causes infection; has extra coating /layer in its wall that contains endotoxins

A

bacterial infectious diseases

54
Q

Acute intestinal caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium vibrio cholerae

A

Cholera

55
Q

Leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 in developing countries
- Pneumonia is the most serious of these infections but often can be treated with affordable medicines

A

acute respiratory infection

56
Q

Cannot be killed because they are not alive in the first place; it only stops when it deactivates

A

Viral infectious diseases

57
Q

A contagious disease of livestock which may also cause severe infection in humans

A

bird flu

58
Q

Is a mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue virus

A

dengue fever

59
Q

Is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread worldwide

A

SaRS-CoV-2

60
Q

Was identified in 2012 as the cause of Middle East respiratory syndrome

A

MERS-CoV

61
Q

was identified in 2003 as the cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome that began in China near the end of 2002

A

SARS-CoV

62
Q

Caused by aspergillus that lives indoors or outdoors
- People with weakened immune systems or lung diseases are at a higher risk of developing health problems

A

aspergillosis

bio 4Q (2 decks)

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