Genetics and Inheritance

Question 1

What are genetic changes that are very minor and do not affect how a gene works called?

Answer 1

single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 2

what are genetic changes that affect how a gene works and can lead to disease called?

Answer 2

mutations

Question 3

what is Mendelian inheritance?

Answer 3

diseases caused by mutations in a single gene are inherited in a simple pattern

Question 4

What are MSX1 and MSX2 important for? What kind of gene are they?

Answer 4

HOMEOBOX GENES. Important for initiation, patterning, and morphodifferentiation of tooth buds.

Question 5

what are the roles of homeobox genes?

Answer 5

control craniofacial shape and patterning, control dentition patterning.

Question 6

what is pleiotropy

Answer 6

one gene affecting many characters (aka a gene affects two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits)

Question 7

what is an example of a dominant single gene genetic disease?

Answer 7

osteogenesis imperfecta (crankiosynostosis/ crouzon syndrome, cleidocranial dysostosis, c=van der woode, DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA).

Question 8

what is an example of a recessive single gene genetic disease?

Answer 8

cystic fibrosis

Question 9

what is an example of an x-linked single gene genetic disease?

Answer 9

amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 10

a mutation in what gene causes achondroplasia?

Answer 10

FGFR3

Question 11

what does mutation in gene FGFR3 cause?

Answer 11

achondroplasia