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Craniofacial > Arches > Flashcards

Arches Flashcards

1
Q

When does arch development begin? when does it end? what do they form?

A

week 4. week 10. contribute to formation of face, oral cavity, nasal cavity, neck, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of interactions?

A

Reciprocal
Dynamic
Sequential

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3
Q

What are the 3 different types of interactions between two tissues?

A

instructive
facilitatve/ permissive

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4
Q

What are the primary germ layers and what do they form.

A
  • Ectoderm: comes from epiblast layer, makes the outer skin and neural tube.
  • Mesoderm: comes from the migratory cells of the epiblast layer, makes about everything else.
  • Endoderm: comes from hypoblast layers, makes the gut.
  • Neural crest/ ectomesenchyme: comes from ectoderm (neural tube formation during its folding stages), forms the structures of the head and neck.
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5
Q

what genes determine the different types of neural crest cells?

A

homeobox

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6
Q

Name the constituents of all arches

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6. see notes

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7
Q

What arch is treacher collins associated with? What is this disorder?

A

1st pharyngeal arch. failure on NCCs to migrate, facial bone hypoplasia, GENETIC, dental anomalies: enamel deformities, displaced 6s, tooth agenesis. 1 in every 10,000 births.

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8
Q

which arch forms the sphenomandibularligament

A

1st arch

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9
Q

which arch forms the superior body of hyoid

A

2nd arch

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10
Q

which arch forms the anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

1st arch

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11
Q

which arch form the base of tongue?

A

3rd arch

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12
Q

which arch forms the stylohyoid ligament

A

2nd arch

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13
Q

which arch forms the stylopharyngeus muscle

A

3rd arch

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14
Q

which muscle forms arytenoid and cricoid cartilages?

A

6th arch

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15
Q

which arch forms the epiglottis

A

4th arch

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16
Q

which arch forms the soft palate

A

the 4th arch

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17
Q

which arch forms the pharyngeal constrictor

A

4th arch

18
Q

which arch forms the thyroid gland

A

2nd arch

19
Q

which arch forms the tonsil

A

2nd arch

20
Q

which arch forms the hyoid

A

2nd and 3rd.

21
Q

which pouch forms the palatine tonsil/ tonsillar fossa

A

2nd pouch

22
Q

Which pouch forms the inferior parathyroid

A

3rd pouch

23
Q

Which pouch forms the superior parathyroid

A

4th pouch

24
Q

Which pouch forms the thymus

A

3rd pouch

25
Q

which groove forms the external auditory meautus

A

1st groove. rest obliterated

26
Q

which pouch forms the middle ear/ esutachian tube/ tympanic membrane

A

1st pouch

27
Q

How do pharyngeal membranes form and what happens to them.

A

form when the epithelia of pouches touch the epithelia of grooves. ALL MEMBRANES OBLITERATE EXCEPCT FROM FIRST, BECOMES TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

28
Q

How does a branchial fistula/ cyst form? Where does it form?

A

Failure of 2nd arch to grow of 2nd to 4th clefts. Along anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

29
Q

How ectopic thymic or parathyroid tissue develop?

A

Failure to migrate completely, closer to mouth than should be.

30
Q

When does the oropharyngeal membrane disintegrate

A

week 5

31
Q

when do the nasal placodes form nasal pits

A

week 4

32
Q

What does the frontonasal process form?

A

Forehead and bridge of nose

33
Q

What does the medial nasal prominence form?

A

Midline of nose, philtrum of upper lip

34
Q

What does the lateral nasal prominence form?

A

Alae of nose

35
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form?

A

cheeks, lateral upper lip

36
Q

What does the mandibular prominence form?

A

lower lip, jaw

37
Q

what causes a median cleft lip?

A

failure of fusion between medial nasal prominences

38
Q

what causes macrostoma

A

incomplete LATERAL MERGING of maxillary and mandibular prominences

39
Q

what causes frontonasal dysplasia

A

hyperplasia of inferior frontonasal prominence, hence preventing fusion of medial nasal processes.

40
Q

what causes hare lip?

A

bilateral failure of maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse

41
Q

what causes oblique facial cleft?

A

unilateral failure of fusion between maxillary and lateral nasal processes.

Craniofacial (3 decks)

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