Genetics and Heredity Flashcards
Explain Mendel’s principles of inheritance. including Law of segregation.
Traits are controlled by a pair of of factors (genes), these factors that occur in pairs are separated from each other during gamete formation and recombined during fertilization.
Explain Mendel’s principles of inheritance. including Law of dominance.
Some traits are stronger or dominant and will hide weaker recessive traits. When a organism is heterozygous for for a pair of contrasting traits, only the dominant can be seen.
Explain Mendel’s principles of inheritance. including Law of independent assortment
States that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another, the allele for one gene doesn’t affect the allele focus.
What is the difference between homozygous, heterozygous, homozygous dominant vs. recessive?
Homozygous describe an organism that has tow dientical alleles of a gene. Heterozygous: describes an organism that has two different alleles of a gene Dominant: when it has an allele is shown over another gene. Recessive: when a gene is hidden by Dominant genes
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Genotypic and phenotypic rations?
Genotypes is the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait.
Phenotypes are the traits shown by the organisms expressed by the genotype.
Genotypic ratios are the ratios between the different genotypes
Phenotypic ratios are the ratios of the traits expressed.
Define the following: P generation
The parental generation; in breeding, the organisms that are initially crossed
Define the following: F1 generation
The first filial generation; the offspring of a cross of the P generation
Define the following: F2 generation
The second filial generation; the offspring of a cross between individuals in the F1 generations.
Define the following: phenotypic ratio
The ratio of the physical expression of a trait
Define the following: genotypic ratio
The ration of the genetic makeup of a trait
Define the following: dominant alleles
Stronger allele, expressed over recessive ones
Define the following: recessive alleles
Weaker allele, expressed when a organisms has two recessive alleles.
Define the following: purebred
An organism whose ancestors on both sides have been members of a recognized breed (homozygous alleles)
Define the following: hybrid
The result of interbreeding between two organisms of different genetic makeup
Define the following: carrier
An organism which inherited a recessive allele for a trait or disease that doesn’t display it.
