Genetics and Evolution :(

Question 1

Darwinists vs Mendelists

Answer 1

Darwin predict continuous change. Mendel predicts discrete traits and sudden appearance. Darwinists say that random mutations are too unpredictable and can’t change entire populations

Question 2

population genetics

Answer 2

created by Darwinists. they model populations as pools of alleles or gene pools using mendel’s idea that alleles come in pairs.

Question 3

allele frequencies

Answer 3

as long as certain conditions are met, allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation with no evolution

Question 4

Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 4

both scientists tried to model a sexually reproducing gene pool that would not evolve. they had to impose five restrictions on it so it would work. this rarely actually happens in nature

Question 5

value on Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 5

serves as a control for evolution. can simulate populations and violate assumptions to figure out how factors affect rate of evolution. useful tool for describing genetic structure of reasonable stable population or for measuring rates of change in an evolving one.

Question 6

population

Answer 6

Group of individuals from the same species in a given area

Question 7

gene pool

Answer 7

total number of alleles at all gene loci in the population

Question 8

allelic frequency

Answer 8

proportion or percentage of a certain allele of a specific gene in the population

Question 9

genotypic frequency

Answer 9

frequency of a specific genotype in a population

Question 10

phenotypic frequency

Answer 10

frequency of a specific phenotype in a population

Question 11

microevolution

Answer 11

change of allelic frequency in a population in a short period of time

Question 12

speciation and macroevolution

Answer 12

evolution over a long period of time. may lead to formation of new species (speciation) from a common ancestor.

Question 13

P and q

Answer 13

allelic frequencies

Question 14

(P +Q)^2

Answer 14

phenotypic frequencies

Question 15

P^2, 2pq, q^2

Answer 15

genotypic frequencies

Question 16

5 restrictions on hardy equilibrium

Answer 16

• No mutations must occur so that new alleles do not enter the population.
• No gene flow can occur (i.e. no immigration/emigration of individuals into, or out of, the population).
• Random mating must occur (i.e. individuals must pair by chance)
• The population must be large so that no genetic drift (random chance) can cause the allele frequencies to change.
• No natural selection can occur so that certain alleles are not selected for, or against.