Genetics And Energy Acquision Flashcards
SINGLE, __________DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA IN BACTERIA GENES ORGANIZED LINEARLY; SUPERCOILED FOR COMPACT STORAGE.
CIRCULAR
EUKARYOTIC GENOMES ARE ________ AND HOUSED IN A NUCLEUS.
LINEAR
SMALL, CIRCULAR DNA CAPABLE OF AUTONOMOUS REPLICATION, ENCODES NON-ESSENTIAL TRAITS (E.G., ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE).
PLASMID
'’JUMPING GENES” THAT INTEGRATE INTO PLASMIDS OR CHROMOSOMES, ENCODES RESISTANCE OR METABOLIC FUNCTIONS:
TRANSPOSONS
IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH GENETIC MATERIAL FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IS COMBINED WITHIN A SINGLE BACTERIAL CELL.
RECOMBINATION
“BACTERIAL MATING”: THIS INVOLVES DIRECT TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL BETWEEN TWO BACTERIAL CELLS:
CONJUGATION
UPTAKE OF “NAKED” DNA: BACTERIA CAN TAKE UP DNA FRAGMENTS RELEASED FROM DEAD BACTERIA IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT:
TRANSFORMATION
VIRUS-MEDIATED TRANSFER: THIS INVOLVES BACTERIOPHAGES
TRANSDUCTION
(DNA to RNA)
TRANSCRIPTION
(RNA to PROTEIN)
TRANSLATION
THIS INVOLVES THE OXIDATION OF ORGANIC OR INORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING AN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.
RESPIRATION
USES OXYGEN AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR, YIELDING THE MOST ATP.
AEROBIC
USES OTHER SUBSTANCES LIKE NITRATE, SULFATE, OR CARBON DIOXIDE AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
ANAEROBIC
THIS IS AN ANAEROBIC PROCESS THAT DOES NOT USE AN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
FERMENTATION
CAN SYNTHESIZE (Produce) ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM INORGANIC CARBON SOURCES LIKE CO2
AUTOTROPHS
OBTAIN ORGANIC CARBON FROM OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (CHO, LIPIDS PROTEINS)
HETEROTROPHS
IN BACTERIA, THE TCA CYCLE OCCURS IN THE
CYTOPLASM
EMBDEN MEYERHOF IS AKA __________OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM. IT PROVIDES PYRUVATE FOR TCA AND FERMENTATION
GLYCOLYSIS
PRODUCES NADPH AND RIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE (RSP) FOR DNA AND RNA, OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM:
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
