Genetics

Question 1

Central dogma

Answer 1

• DNA –> mRNA –> protein

- transcription, translation

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

• DNA gets transcribed into mRNA

- carries information to the cytoplasm to get translated by the ribosomes

Question 3

Transcription

Answer 3

• a gene from the DNA is copied onto a single mRNA strand
• promoter region promotes the gene to be transcribed
• RNA polymerase copies the DNA nucleotide by nucleotide, turning it into mRNA

Question 4

mRNA processing

Answer 4

• spliceosomes remove the introns in the mRNA strand, leaving only the exons
• spliceosomes also add a cap and tail to the ends of the mRNA strand so that it doesn’t deteriorate before getting to the ribosomes for translation

Question 5

Translation

Answer 5

• occurs at the ribosome
• mRNA gets translated into amino acids (amino acids make up proteins)
• every 3 nucleotides (codon) get turned into one amino acid

Question 6

Repetitive not ambiguous

Answer 6

• there are multiple nucleic acid codes for each amino acid

- this is important because if there is a mutation it is less likely to be an issue