A Problem of Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Monism

A
  • mind consistent with body
  • –mental illness obeys rules of biology
  • –similar to animals
  • –should be curable
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2
Q

Dualism

A
  • mind separate from body
  • –mental illness is unique to humans
  • –sickness of mind is not the same as sickness of body
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3
Q

Disease mindset

A

if you have a disease you should be able to get better with medicine/treatment

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4
Q

Psychological disorder mindset

A

nothing physiologically is wrong with you

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5
Q

Broad issues with classification

A
  • psychology was used to categorize people in society
  • –believed body fluids not balanced = mental illness
  • –treatments either killed patients or didn’t improve their conditions (e.g. bloodletting)
  • scientific method was meant to eliminate subjectivity
  • –too many assumptions made
  • –not consistent
  • needed RELIABLE AND VALID classification criteria
  • –reliable –> consistent across different cultures
  • –valid –> observed behavior is statistically abnormal (don’t know what “normal” is physiologically)
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6
Q

Personality/humanistic (psychoanalysis) classification

A
  • disorders based on deviation from state and traits

- temperament –> life-long (e.g. introversion)

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7
Q

Behaviorism classification

A
  • behavior is a response to the environment

- abnormal behavior exists because its reinforced

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8
Q

Medical classification

A

abnormal behavior = illness

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9
Q

Why did the different classifications fail?

A
  • attempts failed because they were unreliable
  • –too subjective and different based on culture
  • –disjunctive classification
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10
Q

Disjunctive classification

A
  • classifications of different disorders overlap

- –e.g. symptoms from drugs and schizophrenia can look similar

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11
Q

DSM I

A
  • few disorders

- –mostly divided into psychotic vs neurotic

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12
Q

DSM II

A
  • 1968
  • 185 disorders (inspired by thorazine)
  • very little reliability or response to treatment due to overlap of classification
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13
Q

DSM III and IV

A
  • 1980
  • continuum
  • –more or less sick
  • multiaxial and exclusion criteria
  • tries to remove any wording of psychological cause, just behaviors and medical causes (atheoretical)
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14
Q

DSM V

A
  • 2008

- removed exclusion criteria and multiaxial approach

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15
Q

Why were the DSM/ICD developed?

A
  • attempt at standard method of scientific communication
  • –scientists can communicate with each other and understand each other
  • –PROBLEM –> poor interrater reliability
  • social construct
  • –to allow treatment for those who pose a threat to themselves or others
  • –PROBLEM –> normality (validity)
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16
Q

Multiaxial system

A
  • axis 1 and 2 –> descriptive and attempted to be objective – actually subjective
  • –axis 1: brain dysfunction/clinical disorders (treat with pharmacology)
  • –axis 2: personality dysfunction (therapy but not really treatable, lifelong)
  • axis 3 and 4 –> exclusion criteria, DOESN’T SUGGEST ETIOLOGY – subjective
  • –axis 3: pre-existing medical conditions
  • –axis 4: psycho-social (environment)
  • axis 5 –> global assessment of function (GAF)
  • –prevents other people from committing you