Genetics

Question 1

What is genetics and how is it determined?

Answer 1

inherited traits

determined by DNA sequence that comprise genes

Question 2

What is the human genome?

Answer 2

Determine the sequence of DNA bases

Question 3

What is genomics?

Answer 3

Has arisen to consider many genes and their variants simultaneously

Question 4

What is a karyotype?

Answer 4

visual appearance of chromosomes

Question 5

What is an autosome?

Answer 5

1-22 of the chromosomes- don’t carry genes that determine sex
Have two copies of DNA

Question 6

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 6

X Y

Determine sex

Question 7

What does each chromosome include?

Answer 7

Hundred of genes

Question 8

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 8

two copies of each autosome- 2 copies of each gene

Question 9

What is an allele?

Answer 9

Variant forms of a gene

Question 10

What is cystic fibrosis and what gender is it more common in?

Answer 10

Inherited disease

Equally as common in male and female

Question 11

What is huntingtin disease?

Answer 11

Inherited disease

results of a dominant allele

Question 12

What does a placental DNA look at?

Answer 12

see if foetus has extra chromosome

Question 13

What does CVS look, when can you do it and what’s the risk?

Answer 13

Chromosomes in chronic villi cells
Identical to foetal cells
Performed at 10th week
High risk of abortion

Question 14

What is amniocentesis, when can you do it?

Answer 14

Needle into the amniotic sac to test for abnormalities- left to culture and grow
Done after 14th week

Question 15

What is PGD used for and what is the process?

Answer 15

Ability to select embryos that have not inherited a condition
After secondary oocyte is fertilised divide to 8 cells, one cell is tested for the disease

Question 16

What influences how most genes are expressed ?

Answer 16

Environment