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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

Is DNA a molecule?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the “backbone” of DNA made of?

A

Sugar (deoxyribose) and acidic phosphate groups

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4
Q

What are the “rungs” of DNA made of?

A

Base pairs

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5
Q

What are the bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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6
Q

What does Adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

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7
Q

What does Thymine pair with?

A

Adenine

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8
Q

What does Guanine pair with?

A

Cytosine

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9
Q

What does Cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine

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10
Q

Which part of DNA contains the information?

A

The base pairs, and their sequence

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11
Q

How many base pairs are in the human genome?

A

3 billion

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12
Q

How many chromosomes are contained in human cells?

A

46

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13
Q

How many chromosome pairs are contained in human cells?

A

23

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14
Q

How many bases are in the human genome?

A

6 billion

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15
Q

What is a gene?

A

A stretch of DNA which codes for something, usually by making a protein or group of proteins

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16
Q

True or false - the DNA of all living things uses the same nucleotides

A

True

17
Q

In DNA terms, what is a mutation?

A

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a chain of DNA (or RNA)

18
Q

What would we call a change in the nucleotide sequence of a chain of DNA (or RNA)

A

A mutation

19
Q

What is a chromosome made of?

A

A chain of DNA along with stabilising proteins

20
Q

How does cell reproduction relate to the form of chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are stored in the cell nucleus in loose noodle-like forms until the cell needs to reproduce at which time they compact into tight bundles (the common “H” or “X” like shape depicted).

21
Q

True or false - each cell in your body contains all of your genetic code

A

True. Cells will however “turn off” all but the relevant gene required to perform their purpose.

22
Q

True or false - half of your chromosome pairs come from your mother, and half from your father

A

False - one chromosome in each pair comes from your mother, the other from your father

23
Q

True or false - within a chromosome pair, the chromosome from the mother will usually contain different genes to the chromosome from the father

A

False - the two chromosomes will usually contain the same genes, in the same sequence. However there will be base pair sequence variations within the genes.

Biology (5 decks)

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