Genetics Flashcards
Mitosis
Cell division occurring in autosomal cells where the parent cell produces 2 diploid daughter cells for body repair and growth
Meiosis
Cell division occurring in the gametes of an organism where the parent cell produces 4 haploid daughter cells for reproduction
Chromosomes
Packaging structures comprised of DNA wrapped around proteins.
Genes
A special stretch of DNA containing a unique sentence coding for something. They give instructions on how to makes proteins and all their factors
What allows us to differentiate between genes?
The difference is the order of bases and their lengths.
Alleles
Specific form of a gene that is different
Determining Dominant trait
2 parents affected and offspring unaffected, don’t skip generations but not a certain guarantee
Determining Recessive Trait
Both parents unaffected and offspring affected, can skip generations
Determining X-Linked Dominant
Affected male has all affected daughters and affected mother, unaffected mother cannot have affected sons, tend to be mor common in females
Determining X-Linked Recessive
Affected female must have all affected sons and an affected father, unaffected mother cannot have have affected sons, tend to be more common in males
Characteristics of autosomal
Usually equal number of males and females affected
Explain the ordering of base pairs
There are four nitrogen-rich bases; cytosine complements guanine and adenine complements thymine. These complement each other due to their physical and chemical structure. The ordering of these pairs create different proteins. Each sequence of three base pairs are called codons which code for one amino acid. The different sequences of these amino acids synthesis different proteins with particular functions.
