Genetics

Question 1

Observable properties of an organism produced by the genotype and environmental influences is referred to as a what?

Answer 1

Phenotype

Question 2

What type of human cell does not contain a nucleus?

Answer 2

Red blood cells

Question 3

One chromosome in each pair comes from each parent, T/F

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Sex cells - eggs and sperm - are referred to as what?

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

The cross-over point of a pair of chromosomes is called the what?

Answer 5

Centromere

Question 6

What is a centromere?

Answer 6

The cross-over point of a pair of chromosomes

Question 7

What are chromosomes made up of?

Answer 7

Chromatin

Question 8

What is chromatin the building block of?

Answer 8

Chromosome

Question 9

What is chromatin made up of?

Answer 9

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins

Question 10

DNA and RNA are examples of what?

Answer 10

Nucleic acids

Question 11

Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome at which point in the karyotype?

Answer 11

21

Question 12

Turners syndrome is caused by having what chromosome missing?

Answer 12

Y

ie X

Question 13

Klinefelter’s syndrome is caused by having an extra chromosome where?

Answer 13

X

ie XXY

Question 14

In what way does Kinefelter’s syndrome manifest?

Answer 14

Physical - weak muscles

Language - between 25 & 85% have language difficulties

Social - quiet and undemanding

Question 15

Adenine is a…

Answer 15

base

Question 16

A combination of adenine and a super and a phosphate is a

Answer 16

nucleotide

Question 17

The base that adenine is always paired with is

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

What is the name used to describe a sequence of DNA situated on a specific region?

Answer 18

Locus

Question 19

What bonds the bases in a double helix strand?

Answer 19

Hydrogen

Question 20

For DNA to impart information, it must first be…

Answer 20

transcribed

Question 21

RNA stands for

Answer 21

ribonucleic acid

Question 22

Groups of three bases are called…

Answer 22

Codons

Question 23

How many amino acids are there in nature?

Answer 23

20!

Question 24

What are the 8 types of proteins?

C H H A I I E K

Answer 24

C H H A I I E K

1. Collagen
2. Histones
3. Haemoglobin
4. Actin & myosin
5. Insulin
6. Immunoglobulins
7. Enzymes
8. Keratin

C H H A I I E K

Question 25

When the bases mirror each there at a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), is this homozygous or heterozygous?

Answer 25

HOMOzygous!

Question 26

How many times does the cell divide during Meiosis?

Answer 26

Twice!

Question 27

How many chromosomes does a sperm contain?

Answer 27

23

Cause it’s getting ready to combine with an ovum

Question 28

What is the name of the process by which genes in sperm become non-identical to those in the parent’s genome?

Answer 28

Recombination

Question 29

What are the four main types of mutation?

B D I C

Answer 29

B D I C

1. Base substitutions
2. Deletions of DNA
3. Insertion so DNA
4. Whole or partial chromosomal abnormalities

B D I C