Genetics

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Is the molecules in the nucleus that carries our genetic code.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Is a length of DNA arranged into pairs in the nucleus.

Along the length of each chromosome are coding regions called genes.

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A gene codes for a specific protein- which give us our unique characteristics.

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

The genome is made up of genes that code for proteins and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins.

Question 5

allele

Answer 5

Is a different form of a gene.

e.g if the gene is eye colour the alleles could be: brown allele, blue allele, green allele

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

Are always expressed if they are present

Question 7

Recessive allele

Answer 7

Are only expressed if there are 2 recessive alleles present

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

If an individual has 2 alleles the same (BB, tt etc) this is called homozygous alleles

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

If an individual has 2 different alleles (e.g Bb, Tt etc) this is called heterozygous alleles

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The expression of a particular trait, for example, skin color, height, behavior, etc., according to the individual’s genetic makeup and environment

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.

Question 12

genetic screening

Answer 12

The study of a person’s DNA in order to identify genetic differences or susceptibility to particular diseases or abnormalities.