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Biology A-level > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a protein/polypeptide which results in a characteristic

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different versions of a gene

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3
Q

What is a diploid organism?

A

Have 2 copies os each chromosome- one from each parent

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4
Q

What is a locus?

A

Fixed position of a gene on a chromosome

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5
Q

What is a genotype?

A

All the different alleles an organism has

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6
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The characteristics an organism has as a result of both its genes and the effects of the environment on its genes

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7
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

One that is always expressed even if there is only one copy of it

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8
Q

How is a dominant allele represented?

A

Capital letter

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9
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Only appear in the phenotype if two copies are present

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10
Q

How is a recessive allele represented?

A

Lower case letter

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11
Q

If brown eyes are dominant, what could be the genotype for brown eyes?

A

BB or Bb

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12
Q

If blue eyes are recessive, what could be the genotype for blue eyes?

A

Bb

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13
Q

What is a co-dominant allele?

A

When both alleles are expressed - neither one is recessive

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14
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

In a diploid organism, both copies of the same allele are the same

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15
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

In a diploid organism, both copies of the allele are different

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16
Q

What cells are haploid?

A

Gametes

17
Q

What is monohybrid inheritance?

A

Inheritance of a characteristic controlled by one gene

18
Q

What is the F1 generation?

A

First set of offspring

19
Q

What is always produced when there in a monohybrid cross with homozygous parents?

A

All heterozygous offspring in F1 generation

20
Q

What is a phenotype ratio?

A

Ratio of the different phenotypes in the offspring

21
Q

What do genetic diagrams predict?

A

Phenotype ratio in F1 and F2 generation

22
Q

What ratio is expected with two heterozygous parents?

A

3: 1
dominant: recessive

23
Q

When is there not a 3:1 ratio with two heterozygous parents?

A

If codominant alleles or sex linkage

24
Q

What is codominance?

A

When both alleles are expressed in the phenotype and neither one is recessive

25
Q

How is codominance represented?

A

Main letter as normal capital and the alleles as superscript

Biology A-level (14 decks)

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